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remain united

  • 1 permanecer unidos

    v.
    to remain united, to hang together, to remain together.
    * * *
    Ex. 'I've always felt that professionals should stick together and not wash their dirty linen in front of others -- particularly strangers'.
    * * *

    Ex: 'I've always felt that professionals should stick together and not wash their dirty linen in front of others -- particularly strangers'.

    Spanish-English dictionary > permanecer unidos

  • 2 mantener

    v.
    1 to keep.
    mantener algo en buen estado to keep something in good condition
    mantener una promesa to keep a promise
    mantener la calma to stay calm
    Los mantengo trabajando I keep them working.
    Ellos mantienen el proyecto They maintain the project.
    2 to support (with scaffold, columns).
    mantén los brazos en alto keep your arms in the air
    3 to support.
    con su sueldo mantiene a toda la familia he has to support o keep his whole family with his wages
    4 to have (relationships, conversations).
    mantener relaciones con alguien to have a relationship with somebody
    mantiene su inocencia she maintains that she is innocent
    mantiene que no la vió he maintains that he didn't see her
    6 to maintain, to keep, to conserve, to hold.
    Ellos mantienen unas mantas They maintain some bedcovers.
    Ellos mantienen su opinión They maintain their opinion.
    María mantiene a su hijo Mary maintains=provides for her son.
    Ella mantiene su declaración She maintains her declaration.
    7 to claim to, to hold to, to maintain to.
    Ellos mantienen haber limpiado They claim to have cleaned.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ TENER], like link=tener tener
    1 (conservar) to keep
    ■ 'Mantenga Zamora limpia' "Keep Zamora tidy"
    2 (tener) to keep
    ■ 'Mantener fuera del alcance de los niños' "Keep out of the reach of children"
    3 (sostener) to support, hold up, hold
    4 (sustentar) to support, maintain
    5 (afirmación etc) to maintain
    ■ pues yo mantengo que no es verdad well, I maintain that it is not true
    6 (conversación, relaciones) to have; (reunión) to hold, have; (correspondencia) to keep up; (promesa, palabra) to keep
    1 (sostenerse) to remain, stand
    2 (continuar en un estado, una posición) to keep
    3 (sustenerse) to manage, maintain oneself, support oneself
    4 (alimentarse) to eat, live
    ■ se mantiene a base de fruta she lives on fruit, she eats only fruit
    \
    mantener algo en secreto to keep something secret
    mantenerse aparte to stay out of it, not get involved
    mantenerse en contacto con to stay in contact with
    mantenerse en forma to keep in shape, keep in trim, keep fit
    mantenerse en pie to stand, remain standing
    mantenerse en sus trece to stick to one's guns
    mantenerse vivo,-a to stay alive
    * * *
    verb
    3) hold
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=sostener) [gen] to hold; [+ puente, techo] to support
    2) (=preservar)
    a) [en un lugar] to store, keep

    "manténgase en un lugar fresco y seco" — "store in a cool dry place"

    b) [en un estado o situación] to keep

    • mantener algo caliente — to keep sth hot

    • mantener algo en equilibrio — to balance sth, keep sth balanced

    • mantener algo en secreto — to keep sth a secret

    raya I, 1)
    3) (=conservar) [+ opinión] to maintain, hold; [+ costumbre, ideales] to keep up, maintain; [+ disciplina] to maintain, keep; [+ promesa] to keep

    me marcho manteniendo mi opinión — I'm leaving, but I stand by my opinion

    • al conducir hay que mantener la distancia de seguridad — you have to keep (at) a safe distance when driving

    • mantener el equilibrio — to keep one's balance

    • mantener el fuego — to keep the fire going

    • mantener la línea — to keep one's figure, keep in shape

    • mantener la paz — to keep the peace, maintain peace

    calma, distancia
    4) [económicamente] to support, maintain

    ya no pienso mantenerla más — I refuse to keep o support o maintain her any longer

    5) [+ conversación, contacto] to maintain, hold

    ¿han mantenido ustedes relaciones sexuales? — have you had sexual relations?

    correspondencia 2)
    6) (=afirmar) to maintain
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( económicamente) <familia/persona> to support, maintain; < perro> to keep; < amante> to keep
    2)
    a) (conservar, preservar) to keep

    mantener la calma/la compostura — to keep calm/one's composure

    b) (cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep
    3)
    a) < conversaciones> to have; < contactos> to maintain, keep up; < correspondencia> to keep up; < relaciones> to maintain
    b) ( cumplir) <promesa/palabra> to keep
    4) (afirmar, sostener) to maintain
    2.
    mantenerse verbo pronominal
    1) ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself
    2) (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep
    * * *
    = hold together, keep, maintain, maintain, preserve, retain, store, support, sustain, uphold, hold, service, carry on, keep + Nombre + going, operate, hold on to.
    Ex. The organization was trembling on the brink of financial disaster, and only the journal, American Documentation, was holding it together.
    Ex. Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.
    Ex. Expressiveness can be difficult to maintain as new subjects are added.
    Ex. They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.
    Ex. The concepts are organised into facets, and the facets are arranged and applied in such a way that the general to special order is preserved.
    Ex. At an earlier stage, the Library of Congress had decided to retain certain pre-AACR headings, in order to avoid the expense of extensive recataloguing.
    Ex. The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.
    Ex. In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.
    Ex. Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.
    Ex. It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.
    Ex. Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.
    Ex. Special storage facilities have been constructed which are at present serviced manually but will soon be computerised.
    Ex. If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.
    Ex. The author explains how libraries can keep their services going without being slaves to the job.
    Ex. These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.
    Ex. The girls were swept away by the water as they failed to hold on to the bus stand.
    ----
    * capacidad de mantener la atención = attention span.
    * debate + mantenerse = debate + rage.
    * de mantener una conversación = conversational.
    * el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].
    * mantener a Alguien alerta = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.
    * mantener a Alguien atento = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.
    * mantener a Alguien en vilo = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.
    * mantener a Alguien informado de = keep + Nombre + posted on.
    * mantener activo = keep + Nombre + going.
    * mantener a flote = keep + afloat.
    * mantener a la par de = keep up with.
    * mantener alejado = keep away, keep + Nombre + out.
    * mantener Algo abierto = hold + Nombre + open.
    * mantener Algo activo = keep + Nombre + at the fore.
    * mantener Algo alejado = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.
    * mantener Algo al mínimo = keep + Nombre + at a minimum.
    * mantener Algo a salvo = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.
    * mantener Algo controlado = keep + Nombre + in check.
    * mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.
    * mantener Algo en equilibrio = keep + Nombre + in balance.
    * mantener Algo en la dirección correcta = keep + Nombre + on track.
    * mantener Algo en orden = keep + Nombre + in order.
    * mantener Algo fuera de peligro = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.
    * mantener Algo ordenado = keep + Nombre + tidy, keep + Nombre + in order.
    * mantener Algo vivo = keep + the flame alive, keep + Nombre + at the fore.
    * mantener al ralentí = idle.
    * mantener a mano = keep to + hand.
    * mantener aparte = keep + separate.
    * mantener a raya = keep at + bay, hold off, keep + Nombre + in line, hold at + bay.
    * mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.
    * mantener bajo vigilancia = keep under + observation.
    * mantener constancia de = keep + record of.
    * mantener contacto = maintain + contact.
    * mantener control = hold + the reins of control.
    * mantener cooperación = maintain + cooperation.
    * mantener dentro = keep + Nombre + in.
    * mantener el control = stay in + control.
    * mantener el ímpetu = maintain + momentum.
    * mantener el interés = hold + the interest.
    * mantener el orden = keep + order, police.
    * mantener el orden público = maintain + public order.
    * mantener el ritmo = keep + pace.
    * mantener el tipo = keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * mantener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.
    * mantener en privado = be out of the public eye.
    * mantener en reserva = keep on + reserve, keep in + reserve.
    * mantener en secreto = keep + secret, keep + hush hush, keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * mantener en sintonía = keep in + step.
    * mantener firme = keep + steady, hold in + line, hold + steady.
    * mantener informado = keep + informed.
    * mantener junto = keep together.
    * mantener la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.
    * mantener la boca cerrada = keep + Posesivo + mouth shut.
    * mantener la bola rodando = keep + the ball rolling.
    * mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.
    * mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.
    * mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantener la calma = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together, keep + Pronombre + cool, remain + cool-headed, keep + a cool head, play it + cool.
    * mantener la coherencia = maintain + consistency.
    * mantener la compostura = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantener la condición (de) = retain + Posesivo + status (as).
    * mantener la continuidad = maintain + continuity.
    * mantener la delantera = keep + ahead.
    * mantener la disciplina = maintain + discipline.
    * mantener la palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.
    * mantener la posición = hold + the line.
    * mantener las apariencias = keep up + appearances.
    * mantener las cosas en marcha = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cosas en movimiento = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cuentas = keep + Posesivo + accounts.
    * mantener las distancias con = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.
    * mantener la serenidad = keep + Pronombre + cool, keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantener la tradición = keep with + tradition.
    * mantener la vida = sustain + life.
    * mantener libre de = keep + free of.
    * mantener los ojos bien abiertos = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.
    * mantener los precios = hold + prices down.
    * mantener oculto = keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * mantener ocupado = keep + busy.
    * mantener ordenado = keep + Nombre + neat and tidy.
    * mantener presente = keep before.
    * mantener presionado = hold down.
    * mantener registro de = keep + record of.
    * mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.
    * mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.
    * mantenerse actualizado = keep up to + date (with).
    * mantenerse actualizado de = keep + abreast of.
    * mantenerse a distancia = stand off.
    * mantenerse a flote = keep + Posesivo + head above the water, keep + the wolves from the door, stay + afloat, stay in + business.
    * mantenerse aislado = keep to + Reflexivo.
    * mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.
    * mantenerse a la escucha = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse al corriente = keep + current.
    * mantenerse al corriente de = keep + abreast of, stay + abreast of, keep + track of.
    * mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.
    * mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.
    * mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.
    * mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.
    * mantenerse alejado = stay away, remain + aloof.
    * mantenerse alejado de = stay away from, steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.
    * mantenerse alejado de la mirada del público = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.
    * mantenerse alejado de la mirada pública = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.
    * mantenerse alejado de + Nombre = keep + Nombre + at a distance.
    * mantenerse alerta = keep + alert, keep + an eye open, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * mantenerse al frente = keep + ahead.
    * mantenerse al margen = keep to + Reflexivo, take + a back seat, stand by, remain on + the sidelines.
    * mantenerse al margen de = remain + uninvolved in, hold + Reflexivo + apart from.
    * mantenerse al margen de Algo = stay above + Algo.
    * mantenerse al tanto = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse al tanto de = keep in + sync, keep + a finger on the pulse of, keep + track of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.
    * mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.
    * mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.
    * mantenerse atento = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * mantenerse atento a lo que ocurre alrededor = have + an ear to the ground, keep + Posesivo + ear to the ground.
    * mantenerse bien = keep + well.
    * mantenerse caliente = keep + warm.
    * mantenerse callado = keep + quiet.
    * mantenerse callado y pensativo con cierto resentimiento = brood.
    * mantenerse como válido = hold up.
    * mantener secreto = keep + secret.
    * mantenerse despierto = keep + alert, stay + awake.
    * mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.
    * mantenerse en contacto = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse en contacto (con) = keep in + touch (with), stay in + touch (with).
    * mantenerse en espera = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.
    * mantenerse en línea con = keep in + line with.
    * mantenerse en pie = hold + Posesivo + own.
    * mantenerse en + Posesivo + trece = stick to + Posesivo + guns.
    * mantenerse en sincronía = keep in + sync.
    * mantenerse en su sitio = stand + Posesivo + ground.
    * mantenerse en sus trece = stand + Posesivo + ground.
    * mantenerse fiel a = stick with.
    * mantenerse fiel a los principios de Uno = stick to + Posesivo + principles.
    * mantenerse firme = stand + Posesivo + ground, stick to + Posesivo + guns.
    * mantenerse impasible = keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * mantenerse informado = keep up to + date (with), keep + current.
    * mantenerse informado de = keep + abreast of.
    * mantenerse lejos de = steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.
    * mantenerse líder = stay + ahead of the pack.
    * mantener(se) ocupado = keep + busy.
    * mantener separado = keep apart.
    * mantenerse por delante = keep + ahead.
    * mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.
    * mantenerse unidos = stick together.
    * mantenerse vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.
    * mantener silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.
    * mantener sincronizado = keep in + step.
    * mantener suspenso en el aire = suspend.
    * mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * mantener una actitud = hold + attitude.
    * mantener una actitud abierta = be open-minded.
    * mantener una apariencia de = maintain + a semblance of.
    * mantener una conversación = hold + conversation.
    * mantener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.
    * mantener una promesa = keep + Posesivo + promise.
    * mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.
    * mantener un concepto = hold + concept.
    * mantener un control férreo sobre = hold + an iron grip on.
    * mantener un debate = hold + discussion.
    * mantener un equilibrio = balance, maintain + a balance, keep + a balance.
    * mantener un estándar = uphold + standard.
    * mantener un interés = pursue + interest.
    * mantener un registro = keep + log.
    * mantener un registro de = keep + track of, record.
    * mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.
    * mantener vigente = keep + alive.
    * mantener vivo = keep + alive, maintain + momentum, keep + Nombre + going.
    * máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.
    * para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.
    * voluntad de mantener Algo en secreto = secretiveness.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( económicamente) <familia/persona> to support, maintain; < perro> to keep; < amante> to keep
    2)
    a) (conservar, preservar) to keep

    mantener la calma/la compostura — to keep calm/one's composure

    b) (cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep
    3)
    a) < conversaciones> to have; < contactos> to maintain, keep up; < correspondencia> to keep up; < relaciones> to maintain
    b) ( cumplir) <promesa/palabra> to keep
    4) (afirmar, sostener) to maintain
    2.
    mantenerse verbo pronominal
    1) ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself
    2) (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep
    * * *
    = hold together, keep, maintain, maintain, preserve, retain, store, support, sustain, uphold, hold, service, carry on, keep + Nombre + going, operate, hold on to.

    Ex: The organization was trembling on the brink of financial disaster, and only the journal, American Documentation, was holding it together.

    Ex: Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.
    Ex: Expressiveness can be difficult to maintain as new subjects are added.
    Ex: They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.
    Ex: The concepts are organised into facets, and the facets are arranged and applied in such a way that the general to special order is preserved.
    Ex: At an earlier stage, the Library of Congress had decided to retain certain pre-AACR headings, in order to avoid the expense of extensive recataloguing.
    Ex: The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.
    Ex: In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.
    Ex: Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.
    Ex: It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.
    Ex: Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.
    Ex: Special storage facilities have been constructed which are at present serviced manually but will soon be computerised.
    Ex: If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.
    Ex: The author explains how libraries can keep their services going without being slaves to the job.
    Ex: These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.
    Ex: The girls were swept away by the water as they failed to hold on to the bus stand.
    * capacidad de mantener la atención = attention span.
    * debate + mantenerse = debate + rage.
    * de mantener una conversación = conversational.
    * el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].
    * mantener a Alguien alerta = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.
    * mantener a Alguien atento = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.
    * mantener a Alguien en vilo = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.
    * mantener a Alguien informado de = keep + Nombre + posted on.
    * mantener activo = keep + Nombre + going.
    * mantener a flote = keep + afloat.
    * mantener a la par de = keep up with.
    * mantener alejado = keep away, keep + Nombre + out.
    * mantener Algo abierto = hold + Nombre + open.
    * mantener Algo activo = keep + Nombre + at the fore.
    * mantener Algo alejado = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.
    * mantener Algo al mínimo = keep + Nombre + at a minimum.
    * mantener Algo a salvo = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.
    * mantener Algo controlado = keep + Nombre + in check.
    * mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.
    * mantener Algo en equilibrio = keep + Nombre + in balance.
    * mantener Algo en la dirección correcta = keep + Nombre + on track.
    * mantener Algo en orden = keep + Nombre + in order.
    * mantener Algo fuera de peligro = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.
    * mantener Algo ordenado = keep + Nombre + tidy, keep + Nombre + in order.
    * mantener Algo vivo = keep + the flame alive, keep + Nombre + at the fore.
    * mantener al ralentí = idle.
    * mantener a mano = keep to + hand.
    * mantener aparte = keep + separate.
    * mantener a raya = keep at + bay, hold off, keep + Nombre + in line, hold at + bay.
    * mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.
    * mantener bajo vigilancia = keep under + observation.
    * mantener constancia de = keep + record of.
    * mantener contacto = maintain + contact.
    * mantener control = hold + the reins of control.
    * mantener cooperación = maintain + cooperation.
    * mantener dentro = keep + Nombre + in.
    * mantener el control = stay in + control.
    * mantener el ímpetu = maintain + momentum.
    * mantener el interés = hold + the interest.
    * mantener el orden = keep + order, police.
    * mantener el orden público = maintain + public order.
    * mantener el ritmo = keep + pace.
    * mantener el tipo = keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * mantener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.
    * mantener en privado = be out of the public eye.
    * mantener en reserva = keep on + reserve, keep in + reserve.
    * mantener en secreto = keep + secret, keep + hush hush, keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * mantener en sintonía = keep in + step.
    * mantener firme = keep + steady, hold in + line, hold + steady.
    * mantener informado = keep + informed.
    * mantener junto = keep together.
    * mantener la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.
    * mantener la boca cerrada = keep + Posesivo + mouth shut.
    * mantener la bola rodando = keep + the ball rolling.
    * mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.
    * mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.
    * mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantener la calma = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together, keep + Pronombre + cool, remain + cool-headed, keep + a cool head, play it + cool.
    * mantener la coherencia = maintain + consistency.
    * mantener la compostura = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantener la condición (de) = retain + Posesivo + status (as).
    * mantener la continuidad = maintain + continuity.
    * mantener la delantera = keep + ahead.
    * mantener la disciplina = maintain + discipline.
    * mantener la palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.
    * mantener la posición = hold + the line.
    * mantener las apariencias = keep up + appearances.
    * mantener las cosas en marcha = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cosas en movimiento = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cuentas = keep + Posesivo + accounts.
    * mantener las distancias con = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.
    * mantener la serenidad = keep + Pronombre + cool, keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantener la tradición = keep with + tradition.
    * mantener la vida = sustain + life.
    * mantener libre de = keep + free of.
    * mantener los ojos bien abiertos = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.
    * mantener los precios = hold + prices down.
    * mantener oculto = keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * mantener ocupado = keep + busy.
    * mantener ordenado = keep + Nombre + neat and tidy.
    * mantener presente = keep before.
    * mantener presionado = hold down.
    * mantener registro de = keep + record of.
    * mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.
    * mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.
    * mantenerse actualizado = keep up to + date (with).
    * mantenerse actualizado de = keep + abreast of.
    * mantenerse a distancia = stand off.
    * mantenerse a flote = keep + Posesivo + head above the water, keep + the wolves from the door, stay + afloat, stay in + business.
    * mantenerse aislado = keep to + Reflexivo.
    * mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.
    * mantenerse a la escucha = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse al corriente = keep + current.
    * mantenerse al corriente de = keep + abreast of, stay + abreast of, keep + track of.
    * mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.
    * mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.
    * mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.
    * mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.
    * mantenerse alejado = stay away, remain + aloof.
    * mantenerse alejado de = stay away from, steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.
    * mantenerse alejado de la mirada del público = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.
    * mantenerse alejado de la mirada pública = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.
    * mantenerse alejado de + Nombre = keep + Nombre + at a distance.
    * mantenerse alerta = keep + alert, keep + an eye open, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * mantenerse al frente = keep + ahead.
    * mantenerse al margen = keep to + Reflexivo, take + a back seat, stand by, remain on + the sidelines.
    * mantenerse al margen de = remain + uninvolved in, hold + Reflexivo + apart from.
    * mantenerse al margen de Algo = stay above + Algo.
    * mantenerse al tanto = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse al tanto de = keep in + sync, keep + a finger on the pulse of, keep + track of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.
    * mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.
    * mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.
    * mantenerse atento = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * mantenerse atento a lo que ocurre alrededor = have + an ear to the ground, keep + Posesivo + ear to the ground.
    * mantenerse bien = keep + well.
    * mantenerse caliente = keep + warm.
    * mantenerse callado = keep + quiet.
    * mantenerse callado y pensativo con cierto resentimiento = brood.
    * mantenerse como válido = hold up.
    * mantener secreto = keep + secret.
    * mantenerse despierto = keep + alert, stay + awake.
    * mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.
    * mantenerse en contacto = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse en contacto (con) = keep in + touch (with), stay in + touch (with).
    * mantenerse en espera = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.
    * mantenerse en línea con = keep in + line with.
    * mantenerse en pie = hold + Posesivo + own.
    * mantenerse en + Posesivo + trece = stick to + Posesivo + guns.
    * mantenerse en sincronía = keep in + sync.
    * mantenerse en su sitio = stand + Posesivo + ground.
    * mantenerse en sus trece = stand + Posesivo + ground.
    * mantenerse fiel a = stick with.
    * mantenerse fiel a los principios de Uno = stick to + Posesivo + principles.
    * mantenerse firme = stand + Posesivo + ground, stick to + Posesivo + guns.
    * mantenerse impasible = keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * mantenerse informado = keep up to + date (with), keep + current.
    * mantenerse informado de = keep + abreast of.
    * mantenerse lejos de = steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.
    * mantenerse líder = stay + ahead of the pack.
    * mantener(se) ocupado = keep + busy.
    * mantener separado = keep apart.
    * mantenerse por delante = keep + ahead.
    * mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.
    * mantenerse unidos = stick together.
    * mantenerse vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.
    * mantener silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.
    * mantener sincronizado = keep in + step.
    * mantener suspenso en el aire = suspend.
    * mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * mantener una actitud = hold + attitude.
    * mantener una actitud abierta = be open-minded.
    * mantener una apariencia de = maintain + a semblance of.
    * mantener una conversación = hold + conversation.
    * mantener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.
    * mantener una promesa = keep + Posesivo + promise.
    * mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.
    * mantener un concepto = hold + concept.
    * mantener un control férreo sobre = hold + an iron grip on.
    * mantener un debate = hold + discussion.
    * mantener un equilibrio = balance, maintain + a balance, keep + a balance.
    * mantener un estándar = uphold + standard.
    * mantener un interés = pursue + interest.
    * mantener un registro = keep + log.
    * mantener un registro de = keep + track of, record.
    * mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.
    * mantener vigente = keep + alive.
    * mantener vivo = keep + alive, maintain + momentum, keep + Nombre + going.
    * máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.
    * para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.
    * voluntad de mantener Algo en secreto = secretiveness.

    * * *
    vt
    A (sustentar económicamente) ‹familia/persona› to support, maintain
    cuesta una fortuna mantener a ese perro tan grande it costs a fortune to keep that enormous dog
    ¡y pretende que ella lo mantenga! and he expects her to support o keep him!
    B
    1 (conservar, preservar) to keep
    mantener la calma/la compostura to keep calm/one's composure
    mantener el orden to keep o ( frml) maintain order
    para mantener la paz in order to keep the peace
    mantener su peso actual to maintain his present weight
    mantener las viejas tradiciones to keep up the old traditions
    2 (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep
    los postes mantienen la viga en posición the posts keep the beam in position
    mantener el equilibrio to keep one's balance
    lo mantiene en equilibrio sobre la punta de la nariz he balances it on the end of his nose
    los militares lo mantuvieron en el poder the military kept him in power
    todos los medicamentos deben mantenerse fuera del alcance de los niños all medicines should be kept out of reach of children
    [ S ] mantenga limpia su ciudad keep Norwich ( o York etc) tidy
    [ S ] una vez abierto manténgase refrigerado keep refrigerated once open
    no mantiene su coche en buenas condiciones he doesn't keep his car in good condition, he doesn't maintain his car very well
    sigue manteniendo vivos sus ideales he still keeps his ideals alive
    C
    1 ‹conversaciones› to have; ‹contactos› to maintain, keep up; ‹correspondencia› to keep up; ‹relaciones› to maintain
    durante las negociaciones mantenidas en Ginebra during the negotiations held in Geneva
    2 (cumplir) ‹promesa/palabra› to keep
    D (afirmar, sostener) to maintain
    mantiene que es inocente he maintains that he is innocent
    A (sustentarse económicamente) to support o maintain o keep oneself
    B (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep
    se mantuvieron en primera división they kept their place o they stayed in the first division
    mantenerse en forma to keep in shape, to keep fit
    lo único que se mantiene en pie es la torre all that remains is the tower, only the tower is still standing
    se mantiene al día she keeps up to date
    siempre se mantuvo a distancia he always kept his distance
    se mantuvo en contacto con sus amigos de la infancia he kept in touch with o kept up with his childhood friends
    se mantuvo neutral en la disputa he remained neutral in the dispute
    C
    (alimentarse): nos mantuvimos a base de latas we lived off tinned food
    se mantiene a base de vitaminas he lives on vitamin pills
    * * *

     

    mantener ( conjugate mantener) verbo transitivo
    1 ( económicamente) ‹familia/persona› to support, maintain;
    ‹ amante› to keep
    2 (conservar, preservar) to keep;

    mantener el equilibrio to keep one's balance;
    mantener algo en equilibrio to balance sth;
    para mantener su peso actual to maintain his present weight
    3

    ‹ contactos› to maintain, keep up;
    ‹ correspondencia› to keep up;
    ‹ relaciones› to maintain
    b) ( cumplir) ‹promesa/palabra› to keep

    4 (afirmar, sostener) to maintain
    mantenerse verbo pronominal
    1 ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself
    2 (en cierto estado, cierta situación) to keep;

    la torre aún se mantiene en pie the tower is still standing;
    mantenerse en contacto (con algn) to keep in touch (with sb)
    3 ( alimentarse):

    mantener verbo transitivo
    1 (conservar) to keep: ella mantiene vivo su recuerdo, she keeps his memory alive
    mantén la calma, keep calm
    2 (sostener) to have: mantuvimos una conversación muy seria, we had a very serious talk
    (una teoría, hipótesis) to defend, maintain
    3 (alimentar, sustentar) to support, feed: no podían mantener las dos casas, they couldn't keep up both houses
    4 (peso) to support, hold up
    ' mantener' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    callarse
    - conchabarse
    - conservar
    - conservarse
    - continuismo
    - escribirse
    - ir
    - hilo
    - línea
    - raya
    - sustentar
    - tener
    - tipo
    - ahuyentar
    - alerta
    - calma
    - correspondencia
    - corriente
    - disciplina
    - flote
    - guardar
    - llevar
    - mantiene
    - mantuve
    - orden
    - preservar
    - sujetar
    English:
    balance
    - bay
    - buoy
    - captive
    - carry on
    - cherish
    - cool
    - fire
    - hold
    - hold off
    - house
    - hygiene
    - image
    - keep
    - keep away
    - keep down
    - keep up
    - maintain
    - order
    - preserve
    - provide for
    - retain
    - secrecy
    - stall
    - support
    - suspense
    - sustain
    - swear
    - track
    - unionist
    - uphold
    - weight-watching
    - white elephant
    - carry
    - clear
    - conduct
    - correspond
    - credit
    - door
    - go
    - head
    - inform
    - occupy
    - peace
    - police
    - provide
    - segregate
    - stand
    - stick
    - struggle
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [económicamente] to support;
    con su sueldo mantiene a toda la familia he has to support o keep his whole family with his wages
    2. [sostener] to keep;
    un andamio mantiene el edificio en pie a scaffold supports the building o keeps the building from falling down;
    mantén los brazos en alto keep your arms in the air
    3. [conservar] to keep;
    [ritmo, nivel, presión] to keep up;
    mantener las amistades to keep up one's friendships;
    mantener algo en buen estado to keep sth in good condition;
    mantener la calma to stay calm;
    mantener el orden to keep order;
    mantener la línea to keep one's figure;
    mantener una promesa/la palabra to keep a promise/one's word;
    mantenga limpia su ciudad [en letrero] keep your city tidy;
    manténgase en un lugar seco [en etiqueta] keep in a dry place;
    manténgase fuera del alcance de los niños [en medicamento, producto tóxico] keep out of the reach of children;
    es incapaz de mantener la boca cerrada he can't keep his mouth shut
    4. [tener] [conversación] to have;
    [negociaciones, diálogo] to hold;
    mantener correspondencia con alguien to correspond with sb;
    mantener relaciones con alguien to have a relationship with sb;
    mantener contactos con alguien to be in contact with sb
    5. [defender] [convicción, idea] to stick to;
    [candidatura] to refuse to withdraw;
    mantiene su inocencia she maintains that she is innocent;
    mantiene que no la vio he maintains that he didn't see her
    * * *
    v/t
    1 ( sujetar) hold; techo etc hold up
    2 ( preservar) keep
    4 económicamente support
    5 ( afirmar) maintain
    * * *
    mantener {80} vt
    1) sustentar: to support, to feed
    mantener uno su familia: to support one's family
    2) conservar: to keep, to preserve
    3) continuar: to keep up, to sustain
    mantener una correspondencia: to keep up a correspondence
    4) afirmar: to maintain, to affirm
    * * *
    1. (en general) to keep [pt. & pp. kept]
    2. (económicamente) to support
    3. (afirmar) to maintain
    4. (sujetar) to hold [pt. & pp. held]

    Spanish-English dictionary > mantener

  • 3 perdurar

    v.
    1 to endure, to last (durar mucho).
    La fiesta duró hasta el amanecer The party lasted until morning.
    2 to persist.
    3 to last for, to go on for, to live through.
    * * *
    1 to last, continue to exist, live on
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    VI (=durar) to last, endure; (=subsistir) to remain, still exist
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo duda/sentimiento/recuerdo to remain, last; crisis/situación/relación to last
    * * *
    = endure, hold together, linger on, subsist, stay in + place, live on.
    Ex. This code had an important impact upon cataloguing practices in the United States and the United Kingdom, and endured for over half a century.
    Ex. The organization was trembling on the brink of financial disaster, and only the journal, American Documentation, was holding it together.
    Ex. The song may be forgotten but among library users the sentiment lingers on.
    Ex. There is some doubt as to whether copyright subsists in a work which is generated by a computer.
    Ex. A data base must respond to a dynamic reality in which terms, 'strain, crack and sometimes break under the burden, under the tension, slip, slide, perish, decay with imprecision, will not stay in place, will not stay still'.
    Ex. But now we must face reality and embrace the memory of his spirit and his voracious lust for life, which will live on.
    ----
    * debate + perdurar = debate + rage, debate + simmer.
    * disputa + perdurar = dispute + rage.
    * polémica + perdurar = argument + rage.
    * que perdura = lingering.
    * tradición que (aún = lasting legacy.
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo duda/sentimiento/recuerdo to remain, last; crisis/situación/relación to last
    * * *
    = endure, hold together, linger on, subsist, stay in + place, live on.

    Ex: This code had an important impact upon cataloguing practices in the United States and the United Kingdom, and endured for over half a century.

    Ex: The organization was trembling on the brink of financial disaster, and only the journal, American Documentation, was holding it together.
    Ex: The song may be forgotten but among library users the sentiment lingers on.
    Ex: There is some doubt as to whether copyright subsists in a work which is generated by a computer.
    Ex: A data base must respond to a dynamic reality in which terms, 'strain, crack and sometimes break under the burden, under the tension, slip, slide, perish, decay with imprecision, will not stay in place, will not stay still'.
    Ex: But now we must face reality and embrace the memory of his spirit and his voracious lust for life, which will live on.
    * debate + perdurar = debate + rage, debate + simmer.
    * disputa + perdurar = dispute + rage.
    * polémica + perdurar = argument + rage.
    * que perdura = lingering.
    * tradición que (aún = lasting legacy.

    * * *
    perdurar [A1 ]
    vi
    perdura en nuestra memoria he lives on in o he still lives in our memory
    mientras perdure la crisis for the duration of the crisis, while the crisis lasts
    los restos que perduran the remains that survive o that still exist
    estos sentimientos perduran a pesar de todo these feelings still remain o last despite everything
    * * *

    perdurar ( conjugate perdurar) verbo intransitivo [duda/sentimiento/recuerdo] to remain, last;
    [crisis/situación/relación] to last
    perdurar verbo intransitivo
    1 (continuar) to remain, last
    2 (persistir) to endure, persist
    ' perdurar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    colear
    - persistir
    - conservar
    English:
    endure
    - linger
    - survive
    * * *
    1. [durar mucho] to endure, to last;
    todavía perdura el recuerdo de su última visita her last visit still hasn't been forgotten
    2. [persistir] to persist;
    una costumbre que aún perdura a custom that is still alive, a custom that survives to this day
    * * *
    v/i endure
    * * *
    : to last, to endure, to survive

    Spanish-English dictionary > perdurar

  • 4 sostener

    v.
    1 to support, to hold up.
    sostenme esto, por favor hold this for me, please
    La columna sostiene la pared The column supports the wall.
    Elsa sostiene la verdad Elsa sustains=adduces the truth.
    2 to defend (defender) (idea, opinión, tesis).
    sostener que… to maintain that…
    3 to support.
    4 to hold, to have (tener) (conversación).
    sostener correspondencia con alguien to correspond with somebody
    5 to sustain.
    La organización sostiene a María The organization sustains Mary.
    6 to maintain to.
    Ella sostiene tener crédito She maintains to have a credit.
    7 to claim to, to hold to.
    Elsa sostiene la verdad Elsa sustains=adduces the truth.
    Ella sostuvo ser la heredera She claimed to be the heiress.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ TENER], like link=tener tener
    1 (mantener firme) to support, hold up
    2 (sujetar) to hold
    3 figurado (apoyar) to support, back
    4 figurado (soportar) to endure, bear, put up with
    5 figurado (defender) to defend, uphold
    6 figurado (afirmar) to maintain, affirm
    7 figurado (alimentar) to support, keep
    8 figurado (velocidad, correspondencia, relación, etc) to keep up, maintain
    1 (mantenerse) to support oneself; (de pie) to stand up
    2 (permanecer) to stay, remain
    \
    sostener la palabra figurado to keep one's word
    sostener una conversación figurado to hold a conversation
    sostener la mirada a alguien figurado to stare somebody out
    * * *
    verb
    2) hold
    3) defend, uphold
    4) maintain, sustain
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=sujetar)
    a) [en las manos, los brazos] to hold

    ¡sostén esto un momentito! — hold this a minute!

    b) [en pie] [+ construcción, edificio, techo] to hold up, support

    entró borracho, sostenido por dos amigos — he came in drunk, held up o supported by two friends

    c) (=soportar) [+ peso, carga] to bear, carry, sustain frm
    2) (=proporcionar apoyo a)
    a) [económicamente] to support
    b) (=alimentar) to support, sustain frm
    c) [moralmente] to support
    3) (=mantener)
    a) [+ opinión] to hold

    sostiene un punto de vista muy diferente — he has o holds a very different point of view

    la investigación no ha terminado, como sostiene el juez — the investigation has not concluded, as the judge maintains o holds

    • sostener que — to maintain o hold that

    sigue sosteniendo que es inocente — she still maintains o holds that she is innocent

    b) [+ situación] to maintain, keep up

    • sostener la mirada de algn — to hold sb's gaze

    4) (=tener) [+ conversación, enfrentamiento, polémica] to have
    [+ reunión, audiencia]
    5) (Mús) [+ nota] to hold, sustain
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( apoyar)
    a) <estructura/techo> to hold up, support; <carga/peso> to bear
    b) ( en un estado) to keep
    c) ( sustentar) < familia> to support, maintain
    2) (sujetar, tener cogido) < paquete> to hold

    no tengas miedo, yo te sostengo — don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you

    3) <conversación/relación/reunión> to have
    4)
    a) ( opinar) to hold

    yo siempre he sostenido que... — I have always maintained o held that...

    b) <argumento/afirmación> to support, back up
    5)
    a) <lucha/ritmo/resistencia> to keep up, sustain
    b) (Mús) < nota> to hold, sustain
    2.
    sostenerse v pron
    1)
    a) ( no caerse)
    b) ( en un estado) to remain
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( apoyar)
    a) <estructura/techo> to hold up, support; <carga/peso> to bear
    b) ( en un estado) to keep
    c) ( sustentar) < familia> to support, maintain
    2) (sujetar, tener cogido) < paquete> to hold

    no tengas miedo, yo te sostengo — don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you

    3) <conversación/relación/reunión> to have
    4)
    a) ( opinar) to hold

    yo siempre he sostenido que... — I have always maintained o held that...

    b) <argumento/afirmación> to support, back up
    5)
    a) <lucha/ritmo/resistencia> to keep up, sustain
    b) (Mús) < nota> to hold, sustain
    2.
    sostenerse v pron
    1)
    a) ( no caerse)
    b) ( en un estado) to remain
    * * *
    sostener1
    1 = sustain, balance, hold.
    Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio held.

    Ex: Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.

    Ex: He lifted about five lines from the top of the nearest page on a setting rule and balanced it on his left hand, with the face of the letter towards him and the last line uppermost.
    Ex: If the search is made with a call number, a summary of copies with that call number which are held by the library is first displayed.

    sostener2
    2 = be + Posesivo + contention, contend, submit, uphold, underpin, hold, maintain.

    Ex: It is our contention that an understanding of such basic principles is fundamental to an appreciation of the many and varied contexts that the individual is likely to encounter.

    Ex: The author contends that it is possible to view the search conducted with the aid of a series of menus as having strong similarities with the search through the hierarchy of a enumerative classification scheme.
    Ex: I submit that no ordinary, right-minded library user who is looking for Western Behavioral Institute is going to look under LA JOLLA, California.
    Ex: It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.
    Ex: This process is underpinned by a patient-based information system which is timely, accessible and credible to all participants.
    Ex: Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.
    Ex: They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.
    * sostener la opinión = argue.
    * sostener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.
    * sostener un punto de vista = assert + view, hold + point of view.

    * * *
    vt
    1 ‹estructura/techo› to hold up, support; ‹carga/peso› to bear
    tenían que sostenerlo los dos it needed both of them to support him o hold him o prop him up
    2 (en un estado) to keep
    las fuerzas que lo sostuvieron en el poder the forces which kept him in power
    lo único que la sostiene es la fuerza de voluntad it's sheer willpower that's keeping her going
    3 (sustentar) ‹familia› to support, maintain
    B (sujetar, tener cogido) ‹paquete› to hold
    no tengas miedo, yo te sostengo don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you o I'll keep hold of you
    sostén la puerta hold the door open
    ponte un pasador para sostener el pelo put a barrette ( AmE) o ( BrE) slide in your hair to keep it in place ( o up etc)
    C ‹conversación/relación/reunión› to have
    sostuvieron una acalorada discusión they had a heated discussion
    no he sostenido nunca una relación duradera I've never had a lasting relationship
    la polémica que sostiene con Godoy the dispute that he and Godoy are engaged in o that he is carrying on with Godoy
    D
    1 (opinar) to hold
    yo siempre he sostenido que … I have always maintained o held that …
    2 ‹argumento/afirmación› to support, back up
    no tienes pruebas para sostener esa afirmación you don't have any proof to back up o support that statement
    E
    1 ‹lucha/ritmo/resistencia› to keep up, sustain
    la miró y ella sostuvo su mirada he looked at her and she held his gaze
    2 ( Mús) ‹nota› to hold, sustain
    A
    1
    (no caerse): la estructura se sostiene sola the structure stays up o stands up without support
    estaba tan débil que apenas se sostenía en pie he was so weak that he could hardly stand
    la planta ya no se sostiene the plant doesn't stand up on its own o can't support itself any more
    2 (en un estado) to remain
    se sostuvo en el poder a pesar de la crisis she managed to stay o remain in power despite the crisis
    la economía se ha sostenido firme the economy has held o stood firm
    se sostuvo en su negativa he kept o stuck firmly to his refusal
    B
    (sustentarse): apenas puede sostenerse con lo que gana he can hardly support himself on what he earns
    se sostiene a base de zumos y de leche she lives on o survives on fruit juice and milk
    * * *

     

    sostener ( conjugate sostener) verbo transitivo
    1 ( apoyar)
    a) ‹estructura/techo› to hold up, support;

    ‹carga/peso› to bear

    2 (sujetar, tener cogido) ‹ paquete› to hold;
    ◊ no tengas miedo, yo te sostengo don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you

    3 ‹conversación/relación/reunión› to have
    4

    b) ‹argumento/afirmación› to support, back up

    5
    a) ‹lucha/ritmo/resistencia› to keep up, sustain;


    b) (Mús) ‹ nota› to hold, sustain

    sostenerse verbo pronominal
    a) ( no caerse):


    apenas se sostenía en pie he could hardly stand


    sostener verbo transitivo
    1 (un peso, cúpula, etc) to support, hold up
    (con la mano) sosténme el paraguas un momento, hold the umbrella for me for a moment
    2 fig (un derecho, etc) to uphold
    (una teoría) to maintain
    3 (a la familia) to support
    4 (negociaciones, una conversación) to have
    ' sostener' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    coger
    - mantener
    - mirada
    - sujetarse
    - aguantar
    - sostuve
    - sujetar
    - tener
    English:
    allege
    - argue
    - bolster
    - contend
    - hold up
    - submit
    - support
    - sustain
    - uphold
    - hold
    - prop
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [sujetar] [edificio, estructura, lo que se tambalea] to support, to hold up;
    [objeto, puerta, bebé] to hold;
    cuatro columnas sostienen todo el peso de la cúpula four columns take o support the entire weight of the dome;
    sosténgame esto, por favor hold this for me, please;
    si no nos llegan a sostener nos hubiéramos peleado if they hadn't held us back, we'd have started fighting;
    sólo les sostiene su inquebrantable optimismo the only thing that keeps them going is their unshakeable optimism
    2. [dar manutención a, sustentar] to support
    3. [mantener] [idea, opinión, tesis] to defend;
    [promesa, palabra] to keep;
    sostienen su oferta/invitación their offer/invitation still stands;
    sostener que… to maintain that…
    4. [tener] [conversación] to have;
    [reunión, negociaciones] to hold, to have;
    sostener correspondencia con alguien to correspond with sb;
    durante semanas sostuvo una agria polémica he was involved in a bitter dispute which lasted several weeks
    5. Fig [aguantar]
    el corredor no podía sostener aquel ritmo de carrera the athlete couldn't keep up with the pace of the race;
    era una situación imposible de sostener the situation was untenable;
    le sostuve la mirada I held her gaze
    6. Mús
    sostener una nota to hold a note
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 familia support
    2 opinión hold
    * * *
    sostener {80} vt
    1) : to support, to hold up
    2) : to hold
    sostenme la puerta: hold the door for me
    sostener una conversación: to hold a conversation
    3) : to sustain, to maintain
    * * *
    1. (sujetar) to hold [pt. & pp. held]
    2. (aguantar) to support
    3. (afirmar, mantener) to maintain
    sostenerse en pie to stand up [pt. & pp. stood]

    Spanish-English dictionary > sostener

  • 5 importante

    adj.
    1 important (destacado, significativo).
    2 considerable.
    3 significant, considerable, sizable.
    * * *
    1 (gen) important; (por su gravedad) serious; (por su cantidad) considerable
    2 (influyente) important
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=trascendental) [información, persona] important; [acontecimiento] significant, important; [papel, factor, parte] important, major; [cambio] significant, major

    un paso importante para la democracia — an important o a big o a major step for democracy

    • dárselas de importante — to give o.s. airs

    • lo importante es... — the main thing is...

    • poco importante — unimportant

    • es importante que — it is important that

    2) [como intensificador] [cantidad, pérdida] considerable; [herida] serious; [retraso] considerable, serious
    * * *
    a) <noticia/persona> important; <acontecimiento/cambio> important, significant

    ¿qué dice la carta? - nada importante — what does the letter say? - nothing of any importance o nothing much

    lo importante es... — the important thing is...

    dárselas de or hacerse el importante — to give oneself airs

    b) < pérdidas> serious, considerable; < daños> severe, considerable; < cantidad> considerable, significant
    * * *
    = considerable, important, major, notable, prominent, relevant, remarkable, significant, significantly, substantial, weighty, consequential, solid, acute, appreciable, major, mighty [mightier -comp., mightiest -sup.], goodly [goodlier -comp., goodliest -sup.], key, meaningful, vital, hefty [heftier -comp., heftiest -sup.], of consequence, meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.], seminal.
    Ex. The need to become familiar with different command languages for different hosts is a considerable barrier to effective retrieval.
    Ex. Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.
    Ex. This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.
    Ex. There are notable differences in practice between the United States and the United Kingdom.
    Ex. Classification is also prominent in the physical arrangement of documents.
    Ex. Most such bulletins list titles or abstracts, together with citations of relevant new documents in the subject area.
    Ex. Two remarkable features of the BM code are its acceptance of corporate authorship, and its use of form headings.
    Ex. With online display, the alphabetical arrangement can become less significant, since all look-ups can be achieved with the computer, and there is less need for the scanning of alphabetical lists.
    Ex. The problem of their citation looms less significantly in abstracting and indexing products than that of the citation of periodical articles.
    Ex. This data base will eventually become a very substantial bibliographic data base.
    Ex. Whether the juxtaposition of language with literature is as weighty an advantage as has on occasion been claimed is, I think, debatable.
    Ex. The democratisation of Russian intellectual life was one of the most consequential of the dramatic social and political changes that took place in Russia in the 1860s.
    Ex. There is no doubt that the ideas put forward by Coates and their implementation in BTI have been a solid step forward in the theory of alphabetical subject headings.
    Ex. In some areas of study, notably the social sciences, the problems vocabulary are acute.
    Ex. Cannabis often shows no appreciable effects the first time it is taken.
    Ex. In the face of present priorities and staff commitments, the Library feels that it cannot undertake a comprehensive study of the subject heading system that would pave the way for a major restructuring of the system.
    Ex. The October 2002 issue of CONVERGE magazine lists their picks for the 'Shapers of the Future 2002' -- 'today's leaders and innovators who have dreamed and accomplished mighty things in technology and education'.
    Ex. However, we must not forget the book which the critics acclaim and which also sells in goodly numbers.
    Ex. This meeting brought together representatives of the key organizations in the community.
    Ex. Each operator has a filing value which has been designate in order to ensure that terms appear in the index string in an order that will produce a meaningful set of index entries.
    Ex. The pressures of the marketplace mean that any vital facility must be offered by all of the major hosts.
    Ex. Research publication had to adopt the same economic model as trade publication, and research libraries the world over paid the hefty price = Las publicaciones científicas tuvieron que adoptar el mismo modelo económico que las publicaciones comerciales y las bibliotecas universitarias de todo el mundo pagaron un precio elevado.
    Ex. We have the right and responsibility to make wise decisions in 'times of consequence'.
    Ex. We want Robyn to write about really meaty issues every week, instead of talking about spousal abuse.
    Ex. He has published seminal papers on automated cataloging and authority control in Library Journal, Library Quarterly, and Journal of Library Automation.
    ----
    * acontecimiento importante = milestone, red carpet event.
    * considerar importante = hold + Nombre + dear.
    * continuar siendo importante = remain + big.
    * economizar en cosas importantes y derrochar en nimiedades = penny wise, pound foolish.
    * el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.
    * es importante destacar = importantly.
    * evento importante = milestone.
    * hacer que sea importante = render + important.
    * hacerse cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.
    * la parte más importante = the heart of.
    * llegar a un momento importante en + Posesivo + historia = reach + milestone.
    * lo más importante = most of all.
    * lo que es más importante = most importantly, more importantly, most of all, most important.
    * lo que es muy importante = importantly.
    * más importante = foremost.
    * más importante aun = more significantly.
    * menos importante, el = least, the.
    * muy importante = critical, very importantly, big time.
    * poco importante = small-time.
    * por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.
    * sentirse importante = feel + important.
    * ser Algo muy importante = loom + large.
    * ser cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.
    * ser importante = be of importance, be of consequence.
    * suceso importante = critical incident.
    * suma importante = princely sum.
    * último pero no el menos importante, el = final and not the least important, the.
    * uno de los + Nombre + más importante = not the least + Nombre, not the least of + Nombre.
    * * *
    a) <noticia/persona> important; <acontecimiento/cambio> important, significant

    ¿qué dice la carta? - nada importante — what does the letter say? - nothing of any importance o nothing much

    lo importante es... — the important thing is...

    dárselas de or hacerse el importante — to give oneself airs

    b) < pérdidas> serious, considerable; < daños> severe, considerable; < cantidad> considerable, significant
    * * *
    = considerable, important, major, notable, prominent, relevant, remarkable, significant, significantly, substantial, weighty, consequential, solid, acute, appreciable, major, mighty [mightier -comp., mightiest -sup.], goodly [goodlier -comp., goodliest -sup.], key, meaningful, vital, hefty [heftier -comp., heftiest -sup.], of consequence, meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.], seminal.

    Ex: The need to become familiar with different command languages for different hosts is a considerable barrier to effective retrieval.

    Ex: Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.
    Ex: This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.
    Ex: There are notable differences in practice between the United States and the United Kingdom.
    Ex: Classification is also prominent in the physical arrangement of documents.
    Ex: Most such bulletins list titles or abstracts, together with citations of relevant new documents in the subject area.
    Ex: Two remarkable features of the BM code are its acceptance of corporate authorship, and its use of form headings.
    Ex: With online display, the alphabetical arrangement can become less significant, since all look-ups can be achieved with the computer, and there is less need for the scanning of alphabetical lists.
    Ex: The problem of their citation looms less significantly in abstracting and indexing products than that of the citation of periodical articles.
    Ex: This data base will eventually become a very substantial bibliographic data base.
    Ex: Whether the juxtaposition of language with literature is as weighty an advantage as has on occasion been claimed is, I think, debatable.
    Ex: The democratisation of Russian intellectual life was one of the most consequential of the dramatic social and political changes that took place in Russia in the 1860s.
    Ex: There is no doubt that the ideas put forward by Coates and their implementation in BTI have been a solid step forward in the theory of alphabetical subject headings.
    Ex: In some areas of study, notably the social sciences, the problems vocabulary are acute.
    Ex: Cannabis often shows no appreciable effects the first time it is taken.
    Ex: In the face of present priorities and staff commitments, the Library feels that it cannot undertake a comprehensive study of the subject heading system that would pave the way for a major restructuring of the system.
    Ex: The October 2002 issue of CONVERGE magazine lists their picks for the 'Shapers of the Future 2002' -- 'today's leaders and innovators who have dreamed and accomplished mighty things in technology and education'.
    Ex: However, we must not forget the book which the critics acclaim and which also sells in goodly numbers.
    Ex: This meeting brought together representatives of the key organizations in the community.
    Ex: Each operator has a filing value which has been designate in order to ensure that terms appear in the index string in an order that will produce a meaningful set of index entries.
    Ex: The pressures of the marketplace mean that any vital facility must be offered by all of the major hosts.
    Ex: Research publication had to adopt the same economic model as trade publication, and research libraries the world over paid the hefty price = Las publicaciones científicas tuvieron que adoptar el mismo modelo económico que las publicaciones comerciales y las bibliotecas universitarias de todo el mundo pagaron un precio elevado.
    Ex: We have the right and responsibility to make wise decisions in 'times of consequence'.
    Ex: We want Robyn to write about really meaty issues every week, instead of talking about spousal abuse.
    Ex: He has published seminal papers on automated cataloging and authority control in Library Journal, Library Quarterly, and Journal of Library Automation.
    * acontecimiento importante = milestone, red carpet event.
    * considerar importante = hold + Nombre + dear.
    * continuar siendo importante = remain + big.
    * economizar en cosas importantes y derrochar en nimiedades = penny wise, pound foolish.
    * el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.
    * es importante destacar = importantly.
    * evento importante = milestone.
    * hacer que sea importante = render + important.
    * hacerse cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.
    * la parte más importante = the heart of.
    * llegar a un momento importante en + Posesivo + historia = reach + milestone.
    * lo más importante = most of all.
    * lo que es más importante = most importantly, more importantly, most of all, most important.
    * lo que es muy importante = importantly.
    * más importante = foremost.
    * más importante aun = more significantly.
    * menos importante, el = least, the.
    * muy importante = critical, very importantly, big time.
    * poco importante = small-time.
    * por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.
    * sentirse importante = feel + important.
    * ser Algo muy importante = loom + large.
    * ser cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.
    * ser importante = be of importance, be of consequence.
    * suceso importante = critical incident.
    * suma importante = princely sum.
    * último pero no el menos importante, el = final and not the least important, the.
    * uno de los + Nombre + más importante = not the least + Nombre, not the least of + Nombre.

    * * *
    1 ‹noticia/persona› important; ‹acontecimiento/cambio› important, significant
    tengo algo importante que decirte I have something important to tell you
    ¿qué dice la carta? — nada importante what does the letter say? — nothing of any importance o nothing much
    lo importante es participar the important thing is to take part
    es importante que vayas it's important that you go
    2 ‹pérdidas› serious, considerable; ‹cantidad› considerable, significant
    una importante suma de dinero a large o considerable o significant sum of money
    la tormenta causó importantes daños the storm caused severe o considerable damage
    un número importante de ciudadanos a significant o considerable o large number of citizens
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    algo importante    
    importante
    importante adjetivo
    a) ‹noticia/persona› important;

    ‹acontecimiento/cambio› important, significant;
    dárselas de or hacerse el importante to give oneself airs

    ‹ daños› severe, considerable;
    ‹ cantidad› considerable, significant
    importante adjetivo important, significant: un importante geólogo dará la conferencia, a noted geologist will give the lecture
    una cantidad importante, a considerable amount
    ' importante' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bonita
    - bonito
    - categoría
    - ciudad
    - comodidad
    - consignar
    - cosa
    - cualquiera
    - despreciable
    - eje
    - eslabón
    - floricultura
    - gorda
    - gordo
    - historia
    - histórica
    - histórico
    - inmediatez
    - menos
    - nada
    - núcleo
    - opinar
    - personaje
    - pintar
    - poderosa
    - poderoso
    - reseñar
    - sabrosa
    - sabroso
    - salario
    - señalada
    - señalado
    - señor
    - suma
    - sustancial
    - sustantiva
    - sustantivo
    - tomo
    - viso
    - indiferente
    - notable
    - papel
    - parecer
    - personalidad
    - pez
    - que
    - trascendental
    - trascendente
    - un
    - visita
    English:
    amount to
    - appreciable
    - armory
    - armoury
    - assassin
    - assassination
    - big
    - consideration
    - depreciate
    - edit
    - flagship
    - grain
    - grand
    - great
    - head-hunt
    - high
    - if
    - important
    - increasingly
    - large
    - last
    - leading
    - least
    - major
    - mean
    - morality
    - prominent
    - significant
    - sponsor
    - thing
    - VIP
    - weighty
    - assassinate
    - come
    - considerable
    - feature
    - feel
    - first
    - foremost
    - name
    - priority
    - strongly
    - substantial
    * * *
    1. [destacado, significativo] important;
    el descontento está adquiriendo proporciones importantes dissatisfaction is becoming widespread;
    ocupa un cargo importante en el ministerio he has an important job at the ministry;
    ella es muy importante para mí she's very important to me;
    lo importante es hacerlo despacio the important thing is to do it slowly;
    no te preocupes, lo importante es que tengas buena salud don't worry, the most important thing is for you to be healthy;
    dárselas de importante, hacerse el/la importante to give oneself airs, to act all important
    2. [cantidad] considerable;
    [lesión] serious;
    una cantidad importante de dinero a significant o considerable sum of money;
    * * *
    adj important
    * * *
    : important
    * * *
    1. (en general) important
    2. (considerable) considerable

    Spanish-English dictionary > importante

  • 6 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 7 halten

    n; -s, kein Pl.: zum Halten bringen stop, bring to a halt ( oder stop); Halten verboten! no stopping; da gab es kein Halten mehr there was no holding them etc. (back)
    * * *
    das Halten
    (Besitzen) keeping;
    (Festhalten) holding
    * * *
    hạl|ten ['haltn] pret hielt [hiːlt] ptp geha\#lten [gə'haltn]
    1. TRANSITIVES VERB
    1) = festhalten to hold

    jdm etw halten — to hold sth for sb

    jdm den Mantel halten — to hold sb's coat (for him/her)

    den Kopf/Bauch halten — to hold one's head/stomach

    2)

    = in eine bestimmte Position bringen etw gegen das Licht halten — to hold sth up to the light

    einen Fuß/einen Zeh ins Wasser halten — to put a foot/a toe in the water

    3)

    = tragen die drei Pfeiler halten die Brücke — the three piers support the bridge

    meinst du, der kleine Nagel hält das schwere Ölbild? — do you think this small nail will take the weight of the heavy oil painting?

    4) = zurückhalten, aufhalten to hold; (SPORT) to save

    die Wärme/Feuchtigkeit halten — to retain heat/moisture

    das ist ein toller Torwart, der hält jeden Ball! — he's a great goalkeeper, he makes great saves!

    ich konnte ihn/es gerade noch halten — I just managed to grab hold of him/it

    sie ist nicht zu halten (fig) — there's no holding her back

    es hält mich hier nichts mehr — there's nothing to keep me here any more

    es hält dich niemand — nobody's stopping you

    5) = behalten Festung, Rekord to hold; Position to hold (on to)
    6) = unterhalten, besitzen Chauffeur, Lehrer to employ; Haustier to keep; Auto to run

    eine Perserkatze/einen Hausfreund halten — to have a Persian cat/a live-in lover

    wir können uns kein Auto halten —

    (sich dat) eine Zeitung/Zeitschrift halten — to get a paper/magazine

    7) = einhalten, erfüllen to keep

    man muss halten, was man verspricht — a promise is a promise

    der Film hält nicht, was er/der Titel verspricht — the film doesn't live up to expectations/its title

    8) = beibehalten, aufrechterhalten Niveau to keep up, to maintain; Tempo, Disziplin, Temperatur to maintain; Kurs to keep to, to hold

    die These lässt sich nicht länger halten or ist nicht länger zu halten — this hypothesis is no longer tenable

    (mit jdm) Verbindung halten — to keep in touch( with sb)

    viel Sport hält jung/schlank — doing a lot of sport keeps you young/slim

    er hält sein Haus immer tadellos — he keeps his house immaculate

    wenn es neblig ist, sollten Sie den Abstand immer so groß wie möglich halten — if it's foggy you should always stay as far as possible from the car in front

    9) = behandeln to treat

    die Gefangenen werden in diesen Gefängnissen wie Tiere gehalten — the prisoners are treated like animals in these prisons

    er hält seine Kinder sehr streng — he's very strict with his children

    10)

    = handhaben, verfahren mit das kannst du (so) halten, wie du willst — that's entirely up to you

    er hält es nicht so sehr mit der Sauberkeit — he's not over-concerned about cleanliness

    es mehr or lieber mit jdm/etw halten — to prefer sb/sth

    11)

    = gestalten ein in Brauntönen gehaltener Raum — a room done in different shades of brown

    das Kleid ist in dunklen Tönen gehalten — it is a dark-coloured (Brit) or dark-colored (US) dress

    12) = veranstalten, abhalten Fest, Pressekonferenz to give; Rede to make; Gottesdienst, Zwiesprache to hold; Wache to keep

    Mittagsschlaf halten — to have an afternoon nap

    13) = einschätzen, denkendiams; jdn/etw für etw halten to think sb/sth sth

    etw für angebracht/schön halten — to think or consider sth appropriate/beautiful

    ich habe ihn ( irrtümlich) für seinen Bruder gehalten — I (mis)took him for his brother

    ich halte es für Unsinn, alles noch einmal abzuschreiben — I think it's silly to copy everything out againdiams; etw von jdm/etw halten to think sth of sb/sth

    nicht viel von jdm/etw halten — not to think much of sb/sth

    nicht viel vom Beten/Sparen halten — not to be a great one for praying/saving (inf)

    ich halte nichts davon, das zu tun — I'm not in favour (Brit) or favor (US) of (doing) thatdiams; etwas/viel auf etw (acc) halten to consider sth important/very important

    er hält etwas auf gute Manieren — he considers good manners important

    der Chef hält viel auf Pünktlichkeit — the boss attaches a lot of importance to punctuality

    14)
    See:
    2. INTRANSITIVES VERB
    1) = festhalten to hold; (= haften bleiben) to stick; (SPORT) to make a save

    kann der denn ( gut) halten? — is he a good goalkeeper?

    2) = bestehen bleiben, haltbar sein to last; (Konserven) to keep; (Wetter) to last, to hold; (Frisur, COMM Preise) to hold; (Stoff) to be hard-wearing

    der Waffenstillstand hält nun schon drei Wochen — the truce has now held for three weeks

    Rosen halten länger, wenn man ein Aspirin ins Wasser tut — roses last longer if you put an aspirin in the water

    dieser Stoff hält lange — this material is hard-wearing

    3) = stehen bleiben, anhalten to stop

    halt mal, stop! (hum) — hang on (inf) or hold on a minute!

    4) andere Redewendungendiams; auf etw (acc) halten (= zielen) to aim at sth; (= steuern) to head for sth; (= Wert legen auf) to attach importance to sth

    ich musste an mich halten, um nicht in schallendes Gelächter auszubrechen — I had to control myself so as not to burst into fits of laughter

    3. REFLEXIVES VERB
    1) diams; sich halten= sich festhalten to hold on (
    an +dat to)

    er konnte sich gerade noch an dem Griff halten, als der Zug mit einem scharfen Ruck anfuhr — he just managed to grab hold of the strap when the train suddenly jolted forward

    2) = eine bestimmte Körperhaltung haben to carry or hold oneself

    sich ( im Gleichgewicht) halten — to keep one's balance

    sich ( nach) links halten — to keep (to the) left

    sich an die Tatsachen/den Text halten — to keep or stick to the facts/text

    3) = sich nicht verändern Lebensmittel, Blumen to keep; (Wetter) to last, to hold; (Geruch, Rauch) to linger; (Preise) to hold; (Brauch, Sitte) to continue
    4) = seine Position behaupten to hold on; (in Kampf) to hold out

    das Geschäft kann sich in dieser Straße nicht halten — the shop can't continue to stay open in this streetdiams; sich gut halten (in Prüfung, Spiel etc) to do well

    5) = sich beherrschen to control oneself
    6)

    andere Wendungendiams; sich halten an (+acc) ich halte mich lieber an den Wein — I'd rather keep or stick to wine

    er hält sich für einen Spezialisten/für besonders klug — he thinks he's a specialist/very clever

    * * *
    1) (to (cause to) stop walking, marching, running etc: The driver halted the train; The train halted at the signals.) halt
    2) (to give: He delivered a long speech.) deliver
    3) ((of a car etc) to stop: We drew up outside their house.) draw up
    4) (to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands: He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail.) hold
    5) (to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc: He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers.) hold
    6) (to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc: What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle.) hold
    7) (to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain: I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm?) hold
    8) (to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition: We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect.) hold
    9) (to look after or care for: She keeps the garden beautifully; I think they keep hens.) keep
    10) (to act in the way demanded by: She kept her promise.) keep
    11) (to stand up to use: This material doesn't wear very well.) wear
    12) (having the body in a state of tension and readiness to act: The animal was poised ready to leap.) poised
    13) (to suppose or think (that something is the case): Do you take me for an idiot?) take
    * * *
    hal·ten
    [ˈhaltn̩]
    1.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ [jdm] jdn/etw \halten to hold sb/sth [for sb]
    du musst das Seil ganz fest \halten you must keep a tight grip on the rope
    hältst du bitte kurz meine Tasche? would you please hold my bag for a moment?
    jdn/etw im Arm \halten to hold sb/sth in one's arms
    jdn an [o bei] der Hand \halten to hold sb's hand [or sb by the hand]
    jdm den Mantel \halten to hold sb's coat [for him/her]
    2.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ jdn \halten to stop sb
    haltet den Dieb! stop the thief!
    es hält dich niemand nobody's stopping you
    wenn sie etwas von Sahnetorte hört, ist sie nicht mehr zu \halten if she hears cream gateau mentioned there's no holding her!
    3.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ jdn \halten to keep sb
    warum bleibst du noch bei dieser Firma, was hält dich noch da? why do you stay with the firm, what's keeping you there?
    mich hält hier nichts [mehr] there's nothing to keep me here [any more]
    4.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (in eine bestimmte Position bringen)
    ▪ etw irgendwohin/irgendwie \halten to put sth somewhere/in a certain position
    er hielt die Hand in die Höhe he put his hand up
    die Hand vor den Mund \halten to put one's hand in front of one's mouth
    etw gegen das Licht \halten to hold sth up to the light
    die Hand ins Wasser \halten to put one's hand into the water
    5.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ etw \halten to hold sth
    nur wenige Pfeiler \halten die alte Brücke just a few pillars support the old bridge
    ihre Haare wurden von einer Schleife nach hinten ge\halten her hair was held back by a ribbon
    das Regal wird von zwei Haken ge\halten the shelf is held up by two hooks
    6.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ etw \halten to hold sth
    ich konnte die Tränen nicht \halten I couldn't hold back my tears
    das Ventil konnte den Überdruck nicht mehr \halten the valve could no longer contain the excess pressure
    er konnte das Wasser nicht mehr \halten he couldn't hold his water
    Wärme/Feuchtigkeit \halten to retain heat/moisture
    7.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    einen Ball \halten to stop a ball
    der Tormann konnte den Ball nicht \halten the goalkeeper couldn't stop the ball
    einen Elfmeter \halten to save a penalty
    8.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ sich dat jdn \halten to employ [or have] sb
    sich dat eine Putzfrau \halten to have a woman to come in and clean
    sie hält sich einen Chauffeur she employs a chauffeur; (fig)
    er hält sich eine Geliebte he has a mistress
    9.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ [sich dat] etw \halten to keep sth
    er hält sich ein Privatflugzeug, eine Segeljacht und ein Rennpferd he keeps a private aircraft, a yacht and a racehorse
    ein Auto \halten to run a car
    wir können uns kein Auto \halten we can't afford a car
    Hühner/einen Hund \halten to keep chickens/a dog
    10.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    eine Zeitung \halten to take a paper form
    11.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ jdn irgendwie \halten to treat sb in a certain way
    er hält seine Kinder sehr streng he is very strict with his children
    12.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (beibehalten, aufrechterhalten)
    ▪ etw \halten to keep sth
    die Balance [o das Gleichgewicht] \halten to keep one's balance
    Frieden \halten to keep the peace
    die Geschwindigkeit \halten to keep up speed
    mit jdm Kontakt \halten to keep in touch [or contact] with sb
    den Kurs \halten to stay on course
    Ordnung \halten to keep order
    eine Position nicht \halten können to not be able to hold a position
    einen Rekord \halten to hold a record
    Ruhe \halten to keep quiet
    den Takt \halten to keep time
    die Temperatur \halten to maintain the temperature
    den Ton \halten to stay in tune
    zu jdm die Verbindung \halten to keep in touch [or contact] with sb
    diese Behauptung lässt sich nicht \halten this statement is not tenable
    hoffentlich kann ich den Weltrekord noch \halten hopefully I can still hold on to the world record
    13.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    MIL (erfolgreich verteidigen)
    ▪ etw \halten to hold sth
    die Verteidiger hielten ihre Stellungen weiterhin the defenders continued to hold their positions
    eine Festung \halten to hold a fortress
    14.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (nicht aufgeben)
    ein Geschäft \halten to keep a business going
    15.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (in einem Zustand erhalten)
    ▪ etw irgendwie \halten to keep sth in a certain condition
    die Fußböden hält sie immer peinlich sauber she always keeps the floors scrupulously clean
    den Abstand gleich \halten to keep the distance the same
    jdn in Atem/in Bewegung/bei Laune \halten to keep sb in suspense/on the go/happy
    für jdn das Essen warm \halten to keep sb's meal hot
    die Getränke kalt \halten to keep the drinks chilled
    jdn jung/fit \halten to keep sb young/fit
    16.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ etw in etw dat \halten to do sth in sth
    ▪ etw ist in etw dat ge \halten sth is done in sth
    das Haus war innen und außen ganz in Weiß ge\halten the house was completely white inside and out
    das Wohnzimmer ist in Blau ge\halten the living room is decorated in blue
    ihr Schlafzimmer ist in ganz in Kirschbaum ge\halten her bedroom is furnished entirely in cherrywood
    die Rede war sehr allgemein ge\halten the speech was very general
    einen Brief kurz \halten to keep a letter short
    etw schlicht \halten to keep sth simple
    17.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ etw \halten to give sth
    er hielt eine kurze Rede he made a short speech
    Diät \halten to keep to a diet
    einen Gottesdienst \halten to hold a service
    seinen Mittagsschlaf \halten to have an afternoon nap
    eine Rede \halten to give [or make] a speech
    ein Referat \halten to give [or present] a paper
    Selbstgespräche \halten to talk to oneself
    eine Unterrichtsstunde \halten to give a lesson
    Unterricht \halten to teach
    einen Vortrag \halten to give a talk
    seinen Winterschlaf \halten to hibernate
    Zwiesprache \halten mit jdm/etw (geh) to commune with sb form; s.a. Gericht
    18.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (einhalten, erfüllen)
    ▪ etw \halten to keep sth
    der Film hält nicht, was der Titel verspricht the film doesn't live up to its title
    man muss \halten, was man verspricht a promise is a promise
    sein Wort/Versprechen \halten to keep one's word/a promise
    19.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ jdn/etw für jdn/etw \halten to take sb/sth for [or to be] sb/sth
    ich habe ihn für seinen Bruder ge\halten I mistook him for his brother
    das halte ich nicht für möglich I don't think that is possible
    wofür \halten Sie mich? what do you take me for?
    jdn für ehrlich/reich \halten to think sb is [or consider sb to be] honest/rich
    20.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (denken über)
    ▪ etw von jdm/etw \halten to think sth of sb/sth
    ich halte nichts davon, das zu tun I don't think much of doing that
    er hält nichts vom Beten/Sparen he's not a great one for praying/saving fam
    ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht I think it best/possible/my duty
    nichts/viel/wenig von jdm/etw \halten to think nothing/a lot/not think much of sb/sth
    21.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    etwas/viel auf jdn \halten to think quite a bit/a lot of sb
    wenn man etwas auf sich hält... if you think you're somebody...; s.a. Stück
    22.
    ▶ den Mund [o (fam) Schnabel] \halten to keep one's mouth shut, to hold one's tongue
    1. (festhalten) to hold
    kannst du mal einen Moment \halten? can you hold that for a second?
    2.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (haltbar sein) to keep
    wie lange hält der Fisch noch? how much longer will the fish keep?
    die Schuhe sollten noch bis nächstes Jahr \halten these shoes should last till next year
    3.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (dauerhaft sein) to hold
    der das Seil hält nicht mehr länger the rope won't hold much longer
    die Tapete hält nicht the wallpaper won't stay on
    diese Freundschaft hält schon lange this friendship has been lasting long
    die Tür wird jetzt \halten now the door will hold
    das Regal hält nicht an der Wand the shelf keeps falling off the wall
    4.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (stehen bleiben, anhalten) to stop
    \halten Sie bitte an der Ecke! stop at the corner, please
    etw zum H\halten bringen to bring sth to a stop [or standstill]
    ein \haltendes Fahrzeug a stationary vehicle
    5.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    SPORT to make a save
    unser Tormann hat heute wieder großartig ge\halten our goalkeeper made some great saves today
    kann Peters denn gut \halten? is Peters a good goalkeeper?
    6.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ [mit etw dat] auf etw akk \halten to aim at sth [with sth]
    du musst mehr nach rechts \halten you must aim more to the right
    7.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ an sich akk \halten to control oneself
    ich musste an mich \halten, um nicht zu lachen I had to force myself not to laugh
    8.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (Wert legen auf)
    ▪ auf etw akk \halten to attach importance to sth
    [sehr] auf Ordnung \halten to attach [a lot of] importance to tidiness
    9.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (jdm beistehen)
    ▪ zu jdm \halten to stand [or stick] by sb
    ich werde immer zu dir \halten I will always stand by you
    ich halte zu Manchester United, und du? I support Manchester United, what about you?
    10.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    Sport hält jung sport keeps you young
    Alufolie hält frisch aluminium foil keeps things fresh
    11.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    NAUT (Kurs nehmen)
    ▪ auf etw akk halten to head for sth
    halte mehr nach links keep more to the left
    nach Norden \halten to head north
    12.
    ▶ halt mal,... hang [or hold] on,...
    ▶ halt mal, stopp! (hum) hang [or hold] on a minute!
    du solltest ein bisschen mehr auf dich \halten (auf das Aussehen achten) you should take more [a] pride in yourself; (selbstbewusst sein) you should be more self-confident
    1.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ sich akk an etw dat \halten to hold on to sth
    der Kletterer rutschte aus und konnte sich nicht mehr \halten the climber slipped and lost his grip
    2.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (nicht verderben)
    ▪ sich akk \halten Lebensmittel to keep; Blumen a. to last
    im Kühlschrank hält sich Milch gut drei Tage milk keeps for a good three days in the fridge
    3.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    sich akk gut ge \halten haben (fam) to have worn well fam
    für seine 50 Jahre hat er sich gut ge\halten he has worn well for a 50-year-old
    4.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    sich akk gut \halten to do well, to make a good showing
    5.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (nicht verschwinden)
    ▪ sich akk \halten to last; Schnee a. to stay; Geruch, Rauch to stay, to hang around
    manchmal kann der Nebel sich bis in die späten Vormittagsstunden \halten sometimes the fog can last until the late morning
    6.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ sich akk an etw akk \halten to stay with sth
    ich halte mich an die alte Methode I'll stick to [or stay with] the old method
    ich halte mich lieber an Mineralwasser I prefer to stay with mineral water
    7.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (irgendwo bleiben)
    sich akk auf den Beinen/im Sattel \halten to stay on one's feet/in the saddle
    8.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (eine Richtung beibehalten)
    ▪ sich akk irgendwo/nach... \halten to keep to somewhere/heading towards...
    \halten Sie sich immer in Richtung Stadtmitte keep going towards the centre
    sich akk rechts/links \halten to keep [to the] left/right
    der Autofahrer hielt sich ganz rechts the driver kept to the right
    sich akk nach Süden \halten to keep going southwards
    9.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ sich akk an etw akk \halten to keep [or stick] to sth
    er hält sich immer an die Vorschriften he always sticks to the rules
    der Film hat sich nicht an die Romanvorlage gehalten the film didn't keep [or stick] to the book
    sich akk an die Tatsachen \halten to keep [or stick] to the facts
    sich akk an ein Versprechen \halten to keep a promise
    10.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (sich behaupten)
    ▪ sich akk [mit etw dat] \halten to prevail [with sth]
    trotz der hauchdünnen Mehrheit hielt sich die Regierung noch über ein Jahr despite its wafer-thin majority the government lasted [or kept going for] over a year
    11.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ sich akk halten to keep going
    die Firma wird sich nicht \halten können the company won't keep going [for long]
    12.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (eine bestimmte Körperhaltung haben)
    ▪ sich akk irgendwie \halten to carry [or hold] oneself in a certain manner
    es ist nicht leicht, sich im Gleichgewicht zu \halten it's not easy to keep one's balance
    sich akk aufrecht/gerade \halten to hold or carry oneself erect/straight
    13.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ sich akk für jdn/etw \halten to think one is sb/sth
    er hält sich für besonders klug/einen Fachmann he thinks he's very clever/a specialist
    14.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    sich akk nicht \halten können not to be able to control oneself
    ich konnte mich nicht \halten vor Lachen bei dem Anblick I couldn't help laughing at this sight
    15.
    ▶ sich akk an jdn \halten (sich an jdn wenden) to refer to sb, to ask sb; (jds Nähe suchen) to stick with sb
    1.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ es [mit etw dat] irgendwie \halten to do sth in a certain way
    wir \halten es ähnlich we do things in a similar way
    es mit einer Sache so/anders \halten to handle [or deal with] sth like this/differently
    wie hältst du es in diesem Jahr mit Weihnachten? what are you doing about Christmas this year?
    wie hältst du's mit der Kirche? what's your attitude towards the church?
    das kannst du \halten wie du willst that's completely up to you
    2.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (Neigung haben für)
    es [mehr [o lieber]] mit jdm/etw halten to prefer sb/sth
    sie hält es mehr mit ihrer Mutter she gets on better with her mother
    er hält es nicht so mit der Sauberkeit he's not a great one for cleanliness
    * * *
    1.
    unregelmäßiges transitives Verb
    1) (auch Milit.) hold

    sich (Dat.) den Kopf/den Bauch halten — hold one's head/stomach

    jemanden an od. bei der Hand halten — hold somebody's hand; hold somebody by the hand

    etwas ins Licht/gegen das Licht halten — hold something to/up to the light

    2) (Ballspiele) save <shot, penalty, etc.>
    3) (bewahren) keep; (beibehalten, aufrechterhalten) keep up < speed etc.>; maintain <temperature, equilibrium>

    einen Ton halten — stay in tune; (lange anhalten) sustain a note

    Ordnung/Frieden halten — keep order/the peace

    4) (erfüllen) keep

    sein Wort/ein Versprechen halten — keep one's word/a promise

    5) (besitzen, beschäftigen, beziehen) keep <chickens etc.>; take <newspaper, magazine, etc.>

    jemanden für reich/ehrlich halten — think somebody is or consider somebody to be rich/honest

    ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht — I think it best/possible/my duty

    viel/nichts/wenig von jemandem/etwas halten — think a lot/nothing/not think much of somebody/something

    7) (abhalten, veranstalten) give, make < speech>; give, hold < lecture>

    Unterricht halten — give lessons; teach

    seinen Mittagsschlaf halten — have one's or an afternoon nap

    8) (Halt geben) hold up, support < bridge etc.>; hold back <curtain, hair>; fasten < dress>

    ein Geschäft usw. halten — keep a business etc. going

    12) (behandeln) treat
    13) (vorziehen)

    es mehr od. lieber mit jemandem/etwas halten — prefer somebody/something

    14) (verfahren)

    es mit einer Sache so/anders halten — deal with or handle something like this/differently

    2.
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb
    1) (stehen bleiben) stop

    der Nagel/das Seil hält nicht mehr länger — the nail/rope won't hold much longer

    diese Freundschaft hält nicht [lange] — (fig.) this friendship won't last [long]

    3) (Sport) save

    zu jemandem halten — stand or stick by somebody

    5) (zielen) aim (auf + Akk. at)
    6) (Seemannsspr.) head

    auf etwas (Akk.) halten — head for or towards something

    an sich (Akk.) halten — control oneself

    3.

    das Geschäft wird sich nicht halten können — the shop won't keep going [for long]

    sich gut halten — do well; make a good showing

    3) (unverändert bleiben) <weather, flowers, etc.> last; <milk, meat, etc.> keep

    sich schlecht/gerade/aufrecht halten — hold or carry oneself badly/straight/erect

    sich auf den Beinen/im Sattel halten — stay on one's feet/in the saddle

    sich links/rechts halten — keep [to the] left/right

    sich an jemandes Seite (Dat.) /hinter jemandem halten — stay or keep next to/behind somebody

    sich an etwas (Akk.) halten — keep to or follow something

    9) (ugs.): (jung, gesund bleiben)
    * * *
    halten; hält, hielt, gehalten
    A. v/t
    1. (festhalten) hold;
    bei der Hand halten hold sb’s hand;
    in der Hand/im Arm halten hold in one’s hand/in one’s arms;
    jemandem den Mantel halten (damit er die Hände frei hat) hold sb’s coat; (ihm hineinhelfen) hold sb’s coat, help sb on with their coat;
    sie hielt sich den Bauch (vor Schmerzen) she was holding her stomach (in pain); → Daumen
    2. (stützen) hold (up), support;
    das Bild wird von zwei Nägeln gehalten the picture is held up by two nails;
    das Seil hat nicht viel zu halten (wird wenig belastet) there isn’t very much weight on the rope
    3. in einer Lage: hold;
    ans Licht halten hold to the light;
    den Kopf gesenkt halten keep one’s head down; → auch hochhalten;
    die Hand ins/unters Wasser halten put one’s hand in the water/hold one’s hand under the tap (US auch faucet);
    sich (dat)
    beim Gähnen die Hand vor den Mund halten put one’s hand in front of one’s mouth when yawning;
    er hielt sich das Buch dicht vors Gesicht he was holding the book right in front of his face
    frisch/warm halten keep fresh/warm;
    besetzt/verschlossen halten keep occupied/locked;
    in Gang halten keep sth going;
    in Ordnung halten keep in order;
    5. (enthalten, fassen) hold, contain;
    das Fass hält 20 Liter the barrel holds 20 litres (US -ers)
    6. (zurückhalten, behalten) keep, hold; (Festung, Stellung, Rekord, Titel) hold; (aufhalten) stop; SPORT (Schuss) hold, stop, save;
    das Haus hält die Wärme gut/schlecht the house retains the heat/lets the heat out;
    das Wasser nicht halten können be incontinent, not be able to hold one’s water ( oder control one’s bladder);
    den Ball in den eigenen Reihen halten hold onto the ball, keep possession (of the ball);
    er war nicht zu halten there was no stopping ( oder holding) him, you couldn’t hold him back;
    was hält mich hier noch? what is there to keep me here?;
    haltet den Dieb! stop thief!; → Klappe, Mund etc
    7. (Geschwindigkeit, Kurs, Niveau, Preise etc) hold, maintain; (Richtung) continue in, keep going in; MUS (Ton) lange: hold; (nicht abweichen) keep to;
    Ordnung halten keep order;
    Kontakt halten keep in contact (
    zu with);
    haltet jetzt bitte Ruhe/Frieden umg keep quiet now, please/no more arguing, please;
    diese Theorie lässt sich nicht halten this theory is untenable
    8. (Versprechen, sein Wort etc) keep;
    was ich verspreche, halte ich auch my word is my bond;
    das Buch hält (nicht), was es verspricht the book doesn’t live up to its promises
    9. (
    sich [dat]) jemanden/etwas
    halten (Haustiere, Personal, Wagen) keep; (Zeitung) take;
    sie hält sich einen Chauffeur/Liebhaber she keeps a chauffeur/lover
    10. (behandeln) (Person, Tier, Pflanze, Sache) treat;
    die Kinder knapp/streng halten not give the children much money/be strict with the children
    11. (Sitzung, Versammlung etc) hold; (Hochzeit, Messe) auch celebrate; (Mahlzeit, Schläfchen etc) have, take; (Rede, Vortrag etc) give;
    12.
    halten für consider (to be), think sb/sth is; irrtümlich: (mis)take for;
    sie hält ihn für den Besitzer meist she thinks he’s the owner;
    ich halte es für richtig, dass er absagt I think he’s right to refuse, I think it’s right that he should refuse;
    tu, was du für richtig hältst do what you think is right;
    ich hielte es für gut, wenn wir gingen I think we should go, I think it would be a good idea if we went;
    für wie alt hältst du ihn? how old do ( oder would) you think he is?;
    wofür halten Sie mich/sich (eigentlich)? who do you think I am/you are?
    13.
    halten von think of;
    viel/wenig halten von think highly ( stärker: the world)/not think much of;
    was hältst du von …? what do you think of …?; auffordernd: how about …?;
    was hältst du davon? what do you think (of it)?;
    ich halte nicht viel davon I don’t think much of it; von Idee, Gemälde etc: auch I’m not keen on it;
    er hält eine ganze Menge von dir umg he thinks you’re great, he holds you in high estimation;
    sie hält nichts vom Sparen she doesn’t believe in saving
    14. unpers:
    wie hältst du es mit …? what do you usually do about …?; (was denkst du über …?) what do you think of ( oder about) …?;
    so haben wir es immer gehalten we’ve always done it that way;
    das kannst du halten, wie du willst please (besonders US suit) yourself;
    ich halte es mit meinem Lehrer, der immer sagte … I go by what my teacher always used to say …; → gehalten
    B. v/i
    1. (fest sein) Knoten, Schnur, Schraube etc: hold; Eis: be (frozen) solid enough to walk on; Brücke: stand the weight of sth/sb; (kleben bleiben) stick
    2. (Bestand haben) last; Lebensmittel etc: keep; Wetter: hold
    3. (haltmachen) stop; Fahrzeug: auch draw up, pull up;
    der Zug hält hier zehn Minuten the train stops here for ten minutes;
    hält der Bus am Schlossplatz? does the bus stop at the Schlossplatz?;
    er ließ halten he called a halt; → halt A
    4. SPORT, Torwart etc: save;
    sie hält gut she’s good in goal, she’s a good goalkeeper
    das hält gesund/jung! it keeps you healthy/young
    6. Richtung, mit Waffe: aim (
    auf +akk at); Schiff etc: head (
    nach for;
    nach Norden etc north etc)
    7.
    an sich (akk)
    halten control o.s.;
    ich musste an mich halten, um nicht zu (+inf) it took great self-control not to (+inf), I could hardly stop ( oder keep) myself (from) (+ger)
    8.
    zu jemandem halten stand by sb; Partei nehmend: side with sb
    C. v/t & v/i
    1.
    (viel/wenig) halten auf (+akk) (achten auf) pay (a lot of/little) attention to; (Wert legen auf) set (great/little) store by;
    wir halten nicht sehr auf Formen we don’t stand on ceremony
    2.
    etwas/viel auf sich (akk)
    halten take pride/a lot of pride in o.s.; äußerlich: be particular/very particular about one’s appearance; gesundheitlich: look after/take great care of one’s health;
    jeder/kein Handwerker, der (etwas) auf sich hält any/no self-respecting craftsman
    D. v/r
    1. Lebensmittel etc: keep; Schuhe etc: last; Wetter: hold; Preis, Kurs etc: hold; Geschäft, Mode, Restaurant etc: last;
    sich gut halten Lebensmittel etc: keep well;
    sie hat sich gut gehalten (ist wenig gealtert) she looks good for her age, she’s well preserved
    2. (bleiben) fit, warm etc: keep, stay;
    sich in Form halten keep in form; körperlich: auch keep fit;
    sich bereit halten be ready; Truppen etc: be on standby;
    versteckt halten remain hidden ( oder in hiding)
    3. (standhalten) hold out;
    wacker halten hold one’s own (
    gegen against), do well;
    sich halten als maintain one’s position as;
    4.
    sich halten an (+akk) keep to, stick to; an Vorschriften etc: comply with;
    sich an das Gesetz halten comply with ( oder abide by) the law;
    der Film hält sich eng an die Vorlage the film keeps very close to the original; möchten Sie einen Sherry? - nein,
    ich halte mich lieber an alkoholfreie Getränke I’d rather stick to ( oder with) something non-alcoholic;
    heute werde ich mich mal an den Tee halten I’m going to stick to tea today
    5. Haltung, Lage, Richtung:
    sich links/rechts halten keep to the left/right;
    sich südlich halten keep on south, keep going in a southerly direction;
    aufrecht halten hold o.s. very straight ( oder erect);
    sich oft abseits halten often keep (o.s.) to o.s.;
    halt dich immer dicht hinter mir keep very close behind me
    kaum mehr halten können not be able to contain o.s.;
    kaum mehr halten können vor Freude/Zorn etc be so happy/angry etc that one can no longer contain o.s.;
    sich (vor Lachen) nicht mehr halten können umg not be able to keep a straight face, not be able to stop o.s. ( oder keep from) laughing
    7.
    sich halten für think o.s. sth, consider ( oder hold geh) o.s. to be sth.;
    sie hält sich mal wieder für besonders schlau she thinks she’s been terribly clever again; → auch A 12, bereithalten
    * * *
    1.
    unregelmäßiges transitives Verb
    1) (auch Milit.) hold

    sich (Dat.) den Kopf/den Bauch halten — hold one's head/stomach

    jemanden an od. bei der Hand halten — hold somebody's hand; hold somebody by the hand

    etwas ins Licht/gegen das Licht halten — hold something to/up to the light

    2) (Ballspiele) save <shot, penalty, etc.>
    3) (bewahren) keep; (beibehalten, aufrechterhalten) keep up <speed etc.>; maintain <temperature, equilibrium>

    einen Ton halten — stay in tune; (lange anhalten) sustain a note

    Ordnung/Frieden halten — keep order/the peace

    4) (erfüllen) keep

    sein Wort/ein Versprechen halten — keep one's word/a promise

    5) (besitzen, beschäftigen, beziehen) keep <chickens etc.>; take <newspaper, magazine, etc.>

    jemanden für reich/ehrlich halten — think somebody is or consider somebody to be rich/honest

    ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht — I think it best/possible/my duty

    viel/nichts/wenig von jemandem/etwas halten — think a lot/nothing/not think much of somebody/something

    7) (abhalten, veranstalten) give, make < speech>; give, hold < lecture>

    Unterricht halten — give lessons; teach

    seinen Mittagsschlaf halten — have one's or an afternoon nap

    8) (Halt geben) hold up, support <bridge etc.>; hold back <curtain, hair>; fasten < dress>

    ein Geschäft usw. halten — keep a business etc. going

    12) (behandeln) treat

    es mehr od. lieber mit jemandem/etwas halten — prefer somebody/something

    es mit einer Sache so/anders halten — deal with or handle something like this/differently

    2.
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb
    2) (unverändert, an seinem Platz bleiben) last

    der Nagel/das Seil hält nicht mehr länger — the nail/rope won't hold much longer

    diese Freundschaft hält nicht [lange] — (fig.) this friendship won't last [long]

    3) (Sport) save

    zu jemandem halten — stand or stick by somebody

    5) (zielen) aim (auf + Akk. at)
    6) (Seemannsspr.) head

    auf etwas (Akk.) halten — head for or towards something

    an sich (Akk.) halten — control oneself

    3.
    1) (sich durchsetzen, behaupten)

    das Geschäft wird sich nicht halten können — the shop won't keep going [for long]

    sich gut halten — do well; make a good showing

    3) (unverändert bleiben) <weather, flowers, etc.> last; <milk, meat, etc.> keep

    sich schlecht/gerade/aufrecht halten — hold or carry oneself badly/straight/erect

    sich auf den Beinen/im Sattel halten — stay on one's feet/in the saddle

    6) (gehen, bleiben)

    sich links/rechts halten — keep [to the] left/right

    sich an jemandes Seite (Dat.) /hinter jemandem halten — stay or keep next to/behind somebody

    sich an etwas (Akk.) halten — keep to or follow something

    9) (ugs.): (jung, gesund bleiben)
    * * *
    v.
    (§ p.,pp.: hielt, gehalten)
    = to bear v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: bore, borne)
    to clamp v.
    to halt v.
    to hold v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: held)
    to keep v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: kept)
    to retain v.
    to uphold v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: upheld)

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > halten

  • 8 evidentemente

    adv.
    evidently, plainly, clearly, manifestly, glaringly, notoriously.
    * * *
    1 evidently, obviously
    * * *
    ADV obviously, clearly, evidently
    * * *
    = plainly, evidently, recognisably [recognizably, -USA].
    Ex. Plainly much of the schedules of the second edition remain to be published.
    Ex. In 1956, research from the United States confirmed this: 'Reference in the small library is evidently centred in the circulation department'.
    Ex. Librarians, like anthropologists, are recognizably and self-consciously members of one single tribe.
    * * *
    = plainly, evidently, recognisably [recognizably, -USA].

    Ex: Plainly much of the schedules of the second edition remain to be published.

    Ex: In 1956, research from the United States confirmed this: 'Reference in the small library is evidently centred in the circulation department'.
    Ex: Librarians, like anthropologists, are recognizably and self-consciously members of one single tribe.

    * * *
    ( indep) obviously, clearly
    * * *

    evidentemente adverbio ( indep) obviously, clearly
    evidentemente adverbio obviously
    ' evidentemente' also found in these entries:
    English:
    clearly
    - evidently
    - obviously
    - palpably
    * * *
    evidently, obviously
    * * *
    evidentemente adv obviously

    Spanish-English dictionary > evidentemente

  • 9 cohaerens

    cŏ-haerĕo, haesi, haesum, 2, v. n., to cling together, to be united, either of that whose parts cling together, to cohere, or of that which cleaves to something else, to adhere.
    I.
    Of a whole as composed of parts, or of the parts of a whole, to cling together, be united, to cohere, press or crowd together.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.:

    mundus ita apte cohaeret, ut dissolvi nullo modo queat, nisi ab eodem a quo est colligatus,

    Cic. Univ. 5:

    omnia autem duo ad cohaerendum tertium aliquid anquirunt et quasi nodum vinculumque desiderant,

    id. ib. 4:

    neque enim materiam ipsam cohaerere potuisse, si nullā vi contineretur,

    id. Ac. 1, 6, 24:

    omni naturā cohaerente et continuatā,

    id. ib. 1, 7, 28:

    nec res ulla magis primoribus ex elementis Indupedita suis arte conexa cohaeret Quam validi ferri natura,

    Lucr. 6, 1010:

    solidā primordia... Quae minimis stipata cohaerent partibus arte,

    id. 1, 610; 2, 67:

    inter se juga velut serie cohaerentia,

    continuous, Curt. 7, 3, 21.—Of persons in a throng, etc.:

    alii extremo complexu suorum cohaerentes,

    Quint. 8, 3, 68;

    so of soldiers in line of battle: conferti et quasi cohaerentes tela vibrare non poterant,

    Curt. 3, 11, 4;

    and of two contending armies: duae quippe acies ita cohaerebant, ut armis arma pulsarent,

    id. 3, 11, 5;

    of ships: binas quadriremes Macedones inter se ita junxerant, ut prorae cohaererent,

    id. 4, 3, 14: conexis et cohaerentibus aedificiis, * Tac. G. 16.—
    2.
    Pregn., to consist in or of, be composed of; with abl. (rare):

    cum alia quibus cohaererent homines e mortali genere sumpserint, quae fragilia essent et caduca, animum esse ingeneratum a deo,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 8, 24; cf.: mundus omnibus partibus inter se congruentibus cohaeret et nititur, etc., Cic. Leg. ap. Lact. 5, 8, 10.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of persons united by kindred, friendship, etc., to be near, close, united:

    turpes ac perniciosos, etiamsi nobis sanguine cohaereant, amputandos,

    Quint. 8, 3, 75:

    est enim mihi perjucundum quod viri optimi mihique amicissimi adeo cohaesistis ut invicem vos obligari putetis,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 7, 1.—
    2.
    Of things.
    a.
    In discourse, to belong together, be closely connected:

    quae... si suis quaeque temporibus reddere voluero, interrumpendae sunt res Asiae, quas... sicut inter se cohaerent, ita opere ipso conjungi aptius videri potest,

    Curt. 5, 1, 2.—
    b.
    In thought, to be consistent, agree together:

    em, Paululum obsoni, ipsus tristis, de inproviso nuptiae—Non cohaerent,

    i.e. cannot all be here at once, Ter. And. 2, 2, 24:

    tam eras excors, ut... non modo non cohaerentia inter se diceres, sed maxime dijuncta atque contraria,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18:

    dubitandum non est quin numquam possit utilitas cum honestate contendere. Itaque accepimus Socratem exsecrari solitum eos qui primum haec naturā cohaerentia opinione distraxissent,

    id. Off. 3, 3, 11:

    non quaero jam, verumne sit: illud dico, ea, quae dicat, praeclare inter se cohaerere,

    id. Fin. 5, 27, 79:

    animadvertisti, quam multa dicta sint, quamque, etiam si minus vera, tamen apta inter se et cohaerentia,

    id. N. D. 3, 1, 4:

    male cohaerens cogitatio,

    Quint. 10, 6, 6:

    sensus inter se juncti, atque ita cohaerentes, ne, etc.,

    id. 7, 10, 16; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 63:

    sermo hercule familiaris et cottidianus non cohaerebit, si verba inter nos aucupamur,

    have a consistent meaning, be intelligible, Cic. Caecin. 18, 52:

    vix diserti adulescentis cohaerebat oratio,

    id. Cael. 7, 15; and of harmony in the arrangement of words: conlocabuntur igitur verba, ut aut inter se aptissime cohaereant extrema cum primis eaque sint quam suavissimis vocibus, etc., id. Or. 44, 149:

    haec collocatio verborum... quae junctam orationem efficit, quae cohaerentem, etc.,

    id. de Or. 3, 43, 172; Quint. 9, 4, 66.—
    3.
    Pregn., to hold together, i.e. remain, exist, maintain itself:

    omnibus modis fulciendi sunt, qui ruunt nec cohaerere possunt propter magnitudinem aegritudinis,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 25, 61:

    virtutes sine vitā beatā cohaerere non possunt, nec sine virtute vita beata,

    id. ib. 5, 28, 80:

    vix haec, si undique fulciamus, jam labefacta... nixa in omnium nostrum umeris cohaerebunt,

    id. Har. Resp. 27, 60.—
    II. A.
    Lit.
    1.
    With dat.:

    temptanti dextera flxa est Cuspide Marmaridae Corythi, lignoque cohaesit,

    Ov. M. 5, 125; 11, 76:

    nec equo mea membra cohaerent,

    id. Am. 1, 4, 9:

    scopuloque affixa cohaesit,

    id. M. 4, 553:

    fructus quamdiu solo cohaerent,

    Dig. 47, 2, 63:

    superficies... quae natura solo cohaeret,

    ib. 44, 7, 44, § 1 fin.:

    quippe turris... muris hostium propemodum cohaerebat,

    Curt. 4, 4, 11:

    experimentum marmorati est in subigendo donec rutro non cohaereat,

    Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177:

    qui cohaerent Mesopotamiae Rhoali vocantur,

    adjoin, id. 5, 24, 21, § 87.—
    2.
    With cum and abl.:

    quidquid enim sequitur quamque rem, id cohaeret cum re necessario,

    Cic. Top. 12, 53.—
    3.
    With in and abl.:

    cohaerentis videmus in conchis (margaritas), etc.,

    Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 109.—
    4.
    Absol.:

    jamque ea (navis) quae non cohaerebat,

    i.e. which did not collide, Curt. 4, 4, 7.—
    B.
    Trop., to be closely connected with, in agreement or harmony with something else, to be consistent with:

    quod illa, quae prima dicuntur, si vehementer velis congruere et cohaerere cum causā, ex eis ducas oportet, quae post dicenda sunt,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 14, 19:

    si continget, etiam (id quod fingemus) verae alicui rei cohaereat,

    Quint. 4, 2, 89:

    ut non tamquam citharoedi prooemium adfictum aliquid, sed cohaerens cum omni corpore membrum videatur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 325:

    creditis tot gentes... non sacris, non moribus, non commercio linguae nobiscum cohaerentes, eodem proelio domitas esse, etc.,

    Curt. 6, 3, 8:

    potentia male cohaerens inter Pompeium et Caesarem,

    Vell. 2, 47, 2.—
    2.
    To be vitally connected with, to depend upon a thing; with abl.:

    sed ita legibus Sullae cohaerere statum civitatis adfirmat, ut iis solutis stare ipsa non possit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 85.—Hence,
    1.
    cŏhae-rens, entis, P. a. (cohering, i.e.), being in accord, corresponding:

    aptius et cohaerentius,

    Gell. 1, 1, 6.—
    * 2.
    cŏhaerenter, adv., continuously, uninterruptedly:

    dimicatum est,

    Flor. 2, 17, 5.—
    3.
    cŏhaesus, a, um. P. a., pressed together:

    quercus stricta denuo et cohaesa,

    Gell. 15, 16, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cohaerens

  • 10 cohaereo

    cŏ-haerĕo, haesi, haesum, 2, v. n., to cling together, to be united, either of that whose parts cling together, to cohere, or of that which cleaves to something else, to adhere.
    I.
    Of a whole as composed of parts, or of the parts of a whole, to cling together, be united, to cohere, press or crowd together.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.:

    mundus ita apte cohaeret, ut dissolvi nullo modo queat, nisi ab eodem a quo est colligatus,

    Cic. Univ. 5:

    omnia autem duo ad cohaerendum tertium aliquid anquirunt et quasi nodum vinculumque desiderant,

    id. ib. 4:

    neque enim materiam ipsam cohaerere potuisse, si nullā vi contineretur,

    id. Ac. 1, 6, 24:

    omni naturā cohaerente et continuatā,

    id. ib. 1, 7, 28:

    nec res ulla magis primoribus ex elementis Indupedita suis arte conexa cohaeret Quam validi ferri natura,

    Lucr. 6, 1010:

    solidā primordia... Quae minimis stipata cohaerent partibus arte,

    id. 1, 610; 2, 67:

    inter se juga velut serie cohaerentia,

    continuous, Curt. 7, 3, 21.—Of persons in a throng, etc.:

    alii extremo complexu suorum cohaerentes,

    Quint. 8, 3, 68;

    so of soldiers in line of battle: conferti et quasi cohaerentes tela vibrare non poterant,

    Curt. 3, 11, 4;

    and of two contending armies: duae quippe acies ita cohaerebant, ut armis arma pulsarent,

    id. 3, 11, 5;

    of ships: binas quadriremes Macedones inter se ita junxerant, ut prorae cohaererent,

    id. 4, 3, 14: conexis et cohaerentibus aedificiis, * Tac. G. 16.—
    2.
    Pregn., to consist in or of, be composed of; with abl. (rare):

    cum alia quibus cohaererent homines e mortali genere sumpserint, quae fragilia essent et caduca, animum esse ingeneratum a deo,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 8, 24; cf.: mundus omnibus partibus inter se congruentibus cohaeret et nititur, etc., Cic. Leg. ap. Lact. 5, 8, 10.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of persons united by kindred, friendship, etc., to be near, close, united:

    turpes ac perniciosos, etiamsi nobis sanguine cohaereant, amputandos,

    Quint. 8, 3, 75:

    est enim mihi perjucundum quod viri optimi mihique amicissimi adeo cohaesistis ut invicem vos obligari putetis,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 7, 1.—
    2.
    Of things.
    a.
    In discourse, to belong together, be closely connected:

    quae... si suis quaeque temporibus reddere voluero, interrumpendae sunt res Asiae, quas... sicut inter se cohaerent, ita opere ipso conjungi aptius videri potest,

    Curt. 5, 1, 2.—
    b.
    In thought, to be consistent, agree together:

    em, Paululum obsoni, ipsus tristis, de inproviso nuptiae—Non cohaerent,

    i.e. cannot all be here at once, Ter. And. 2, 2, 24:

    tam eras excors, ut... non modo non cohaerentia inter se diceres, sed maxime dijuncta atque contraria,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18:

    dubitandum non est quin numquam possit utilitas cum honestate contendere. Itaque accepimus Socratem exsecrari solitum eos qui primum haec naturā cohaerentia opinione distraxissent,

    id. Off. 3, 3, 11:

    non quaero jam, verumne sit: illud dico, ea, quae dicat, praeclare inter se cohaerere,

    id. Fin. 5, 27, 79:

    animadvertisti, quam multa dicta sint, quamque, etiam si minus vera, tamen apta inter se et cohaerentia,

    id. N. D. 3, 1, 4:

    male cohaerens cogitatio,

    Quint. 10, 6, 6:

    sensus inter se juncti, atque ita cohaerentes, ne, etc.,

    id. 7, 10, 16; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 63:

    sermo hercule familiaris et cottidianus non cohaerebit, si verba inter nos aucupamur,

    have a consistent meaning, be intelligible, Cic. Caecin. 18, 52:

    vix diserti adulescentis cohaerebat oratio,

    id. Cael. 7, 15; and of harmony in the arrangement of words: conlocabuntur igitur verba, ut aut inter se aptissime cohaereant extrema cum primis eaque sint quam suavissimis vocibus, etc., id. Or. 44, 149:

    haec collocatio verborum... quae junctam orationem efficit, quae cohaerentem, etc.,

    id. de Or. 3, 43, 172; Quint. 9, 4, 66.—
    3.
    Pregn., to hold together, i.e. remain, exist, maintain itself:

    omnibus modis fulciendi sunt, qui ruunt nec cohaerere possunt propter magnitudinem aegritudinis,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 25, 61:

    virtutes sine vitā beatā cohaerere non possunt, nec sine virtute vita beata,

    id. ib. 5, 28, 80:

    vix haec, si undique fulciamus, jam labefacta... nixa in omnium nostrum umeris cohaerebunt,

    id. Har. Resp. 27, 60.—
    II. A.
    Lit.
    1.
    With dat.:

    temptanti dextera flxa est Cuspide Marmaridae Corythi, lignoque cohaesit,

    Ov. M. 5, 125; 11, 76:

    nec equo mea membra cohaerent,

    id. Am. 1, 4, 9:

    scopuloque affixa cohaesit,

    id. M. 4, 553:

    fructus quamdiu solo cohaerent,

    Dig. 47, 2, 63:

    superficies... quae natura solo cohaeret,

    ib. 44, 7, 44, § 1 fin.:

    quippe turris... muris hostium propemodum cohaerebat,

    Curt. 4, 4, 11:

    experimentum marmorati est in subigendo donec rutro non cohaereat,

    Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177:

    qui cohaerent Mesopotamiae Rhoali vocantur,

    adjoin, id. 5, 24, 21, § 87.—
    2.
    With cum and abl.:

    quidquid enim sequitur quamque rem, id cohaeret cum re necessario,

    Cic. Top. 12, 53.—
    3.
    With in and abl.:

    cohaerentis videmus in conchis (margaritas), etc.,

    Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 109.—
    4.
    Absol.:

    jamque ea (navis) quae non cohaerebat,

    i.e. which did not collide, Curt. 4, 4, 7.—
    B.
    Trop., to be closely connected with, in agreement or harmony with something else, to be consistent with:

    quod illa, quae prima dicuntur, si vehementer velis congruere et cohaerere cum causā, ex eis ducas oportet, quae post dicenda sunt,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 14, 19:

    si continget, etiam (id quod fingemus) verae alicui rei cohaereat,

    Quint. 4, 2, 89:

    ut non tamquam citharoedi prooemium adfictum aliquid, sed cohaerens cum omni corpore membrum videatur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 325:

    creditis tot gentes... non sacris, non moribus, non commercio linguae nobiscum cohaerentes, eodem proelio domitas esse, etc.,

    Curt. 6, 3, 8:

    potentia male cohaerens inter Pompeium et Caesarem,

    Vell. 2, 47, 2.—
    2.
    To be vitally connected with, to depend upon a thing; with abl.:

    sed ita legibus Sullae cohaerere statum civitatis adfirmat, ut iis solutis stare ipsa non possit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 85.—Hence,
    1.
    cŏhae-rens, entis, P. a. (cohering, i.e.), being in accord, corresponding:

    aptius et cohaerentius,

    Gell. 1, 1, 6.—
    * 2.
    cŏhaerenter, adv., continuously, uninterruptedly:

    dimicatum est,

    Flor. 2, 17, 5.—
    3.
    cŏhaesus, a, um. P. a., pressed together:

    quercus stricta denuo et cohaesa,

    Gell. 15, 16, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cohaereo

  • 11 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

    (NATO)
       Portugal joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949, as a founding member. Besides complementing the Atlantic orientation of Portugal's foreign and defense policies, this membership also supported the country's close relationship with two leading members of NATO, Great Britain and the United States. Portugal's slight contribution to NATO in the first decades after joining was conditioned mainly by the fact that Portugal's primary concern was in defending its colonial empire, Portuguese India (1954-61) and in conducting several colonial wars in its African empire in Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau (1961-74). One contentious question during this phase of Portugal's membership was the extent to which Portugal used NATO-issued equipment to fight those wars in Africa and Asia, since several of these colonial territories were neither on the Atlantic nor in NATO's jurisdiction (Mozambique and Portuguese India).
       The perceived strategic value of Portugal's key Atlantic archipelagos, the Azores and Madeiras, constituted Portugal's primary contribution to NATO and neutralized any U.S. ambivalence about the question of Portugal's NATO membership. The usefulness of Azores' air and naval bases, especially Lajes base at Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira Island, Azores, along with bases in continental Portugal and in the Madeira Islands, trumped international criticism of Portugal's colonial action and influenced American policy toward Portugal. This remained the situation until after the Yom Kippur war, an Arab-Israeli conflict, in October 1973, when Portugal, despite the risks to her energy supplies, gave the United States permission to use Azores bases for resupplying Israel.
       The Revolution of 25 April 1974 had an impact on Portugal's relationship to NATO. Leftist forces in Portugal were now in command, and Portuguese NATO delegates did not attend highly sensitive NATO defense briefings. But by 1980, after moderate military forces had ousted the radical leftists, Portugal's NATO roles returned to the routing. One of NATO's major subordinate commands became IBERLANT (Iberian Atlantic Command), under SACLANT (Supreme Commander Atlantic), located at Norfolk, Virginia. IBERLANT is located at Oeiras, Portugal and, in 1982, the IBERLAND commander for the first time was a Portuguese Vice Admiral. That same year, Spain joined NATO and, until 1986, when Spain decided not to join NATO's integrated military structure, Portugal was anxious that Portuguese commanders not be subordinate to Spanish commanders in NATO. As a key leader of IBERLANT, along with the representative units of Great Britain and the United States, Portugal's forces remain responsible for surveillance and patrolling of the area from central Portugal to the straits of Gibraltar.
       Portugal has made symbolic if modest contributions to NATO's mission in the Balkan conflicts beginning in the late 1990s and in Afghanistan since 2001. Among Portugal's contributions has been the service of medical units in Afghanistan.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > North Atlantic Treaty Organization

  • 12 huerta

    f.
    1 market garden (British), truck farm (United States).
    2 orchard, large market garden, vegetable garden, garden.
    3 kitchen garden.
    * * *
    1 (terreno) market garden, US truck garden
    2 (zona) irrigated agricultural and market-gardening region
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=huerto) vegetable garden, kitchen garden (EEUU)
    2) Esp

    la huerta murciana/valenciana — the fertile, irrigated region of Murcia/Valencia

    3) And [de cacao] cocoa plantation
    * * *
    a) ( huerto grande) (vegetable) garden; ( con frutales) orchard
    b) ( explotación agrícola) truck farm (AmE), market garden (BrE)
    c)
    * * *
    = orchard, grove, market garden.
    Ex. Whereas, before, the land was dense with stately white pines, now apple, plum, pear, peach, and cherry orchards stood in regimented rows and cattle grazed peacefully.
    Ex. His works remain predominantly religious narratives, situated in sacred wilderness groves.
    Ex. People grow food in allotments and on high-rise rooftops, on river banks and roadside verges, in parks and market gardens and any piece of wasteland they can find.
    ----
    * huerta de manzanos = apple orchard.
    * huerta de naranjos = orange grove, orange orchard.
    * * *
    a) ( huerto grande) (vegetable) garden; ( con frutales) orchard
    b) ( explotación agrícola) truck farm (AmE), market garden (BrE)
    c)
    * * *
    = orchard, grove, market garden.

    Ex: Whereas, before, the land was dense with stately white pines, now apple, plum, pear, peach, and cherry orchards stood in regimented rows and cattle grazed peacefully.

    Ex: His works remain predominantly religious narratives, situated in sacred wilderness groves.
    Ex: People grow food in allotments and on high-rise rooftops, on river banks and roadside verges, in parks and market gardens and any piece of wasteland they can find.
    * huerta de manzanos = apple orchard.
    * huerta de naranjos = orange grove, orange orchard.

    * * *
    1 (huerto grande) garden, vegetable garden; (con árboles frutales) orchard
    2 (explotación agrícola) truck farm ( AmE), market garden ( BrE)
    3
    la huerta valenciana/murciana the fertile region of Valencia/Murcia
    Compuesto:
    solar energy farm
    * * *

     

    huerta sustantivo femenino

    ( con frutales) orchard

    huerta f Agr
    1 (parcela de cultivo) market, US truck garden
    2 (zona de regadío) irrigated area used for cultivation
    ' huerta' also found in these entries:
    English:
    truck farm
    - garden
    - home
    - market
    - truck
    * * *
    huerta nf
    1. [huerto] Br market garden, US truck farm
    2. [tierra de regadío] = irrigated crop-growing region
    * * *
    f truck farm, Br
    market garden
    * * *
    huerta nf
    1) : large vegetable garden, truck farm
    2) : orchard
    3) : irrigated land
    * * *
    1. (de verduras) market garden
    3. (zona agrícola) irrigated agricultural region

    Spanish-English dictionary > huerta

  • 13 lectura

    f.
    1 reading.
    lectura ligera light reading
    2 viva (voce) (British), defense (United States) (education) (of thesis).
    3 reading (matter).
    4 reading, interpretation.
    5 scanning (computing).
    lectura óptica optical scanning
    6 readout, reading, read out, result.
    7 reading matter, reading material.
    8 readback.
    * * *
    1 reading
    2 (material de lectura) reading matter
    3 (interpretación) interpretation, reading
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=acción) reading

    segunda lectura — Esp (Pol) second reading

    lectura dramatizada — dramatization, dramatized reading

    2) (=obra) reading matter
    3) (=interpretación) reading

    hay varias lecturas posibles de los resultados electorales — the election results can be read in various ways, there are various possible readings of the election results

    * * *
    a) ( acción) reading
    b) ( texto) reading matter
    c) ( interpretación) interpretation, reading
    * * *
    = perusal, reading, scan, read, reading.
    Ex. Computer searching has many facilities and permits a more flexible approach to index searching, but printed indexes have the advantage of ease of perusal.
    Ex. Although the work of the CRG makes fascinating reading, and magnificent contributions were made towards the clarification of the principles of classification, much work remain to be done.
    Ex. If no data appears on the screen after scanning, the scan immediately be repeated.
    Ex. I would deliberately avoid raising expectations that this is going to be an exciting action-packed read.
    Ex. My reading of Joel's comments was that he'd be willing to drop all the others out of the picture if one of you were willing to do the whole thing.
    ----
    * acceso de sólo lectura = read-only access.
    * adicto a la lectura = bookaholic.
    * animación a la lectura = reading animation, reading promotion.
    * aparato de lectura = reading machine.
    * área de lectura = reading floor.
    * asesoramiento sobre la lectura = reading guidance.
    * basado en la lectura = book-centred.
    * cabeza de lectura = scanning head.
    * campamento de lectura = readers' camp.
    * club de lectura = reading club.
    * comentario personal de una lectura = reading-reportage.
    * con problemas de lectura = print disabled.
    * continuar con la lectura de = carry on through.
    * cultivar los hábitos de lectura = cultivate + reading habits.
    * de lectura de datos = data-capture.
    * de lectura fácil = easy reading.
    * departamento de lectura "formativo-recreativa" = popular department.
    * derecho a la lectura = right to read.
    * de sólo lectura = read-only.
    * dispositivo de lectura = reading device.
    * dispositivo de lectura digital = scanning device.
    * equipo de lectura de microfilm = microfilm reading equipment.
    * error de lectura = misreading.
    * facilidad de lectura = ease of reading.
    * falta de deseo por la lectura = aliteracy.
    * fomentar la lectura = promote + reading.
    * fomento de la lectura = reading promotion.
    * fomento del hábito de la lectura = reading promotion.
    * fondo de lectura "formativo-recreativa = browser collection.
    * fórmula para la dificultad de lectura = reading formula.
    * hábito de la lectura = reading habit.
    * herramienta de ayuda a la lectura = reading aid.
    * intereses de lectura = reading interests.
    * lectura de cuentos = story reading.
    * lectura de mapas = map-reading.
    * lectura de obra de teatro en voz alta = play-reading [play reading].
    * lectura de obras literarias = literary reading.
    * lectura de ocio = recreational reading, leisure reading, pleasure reading.
    * lectura digital = scanning.
    * lectura en clase = class reading.
    * lectura en familia = family reading.
    * lectura en frío = cold reading.
    * lectura en silencio = silent reading.
    * lectura en voz alta = reading aloud.
    * lectura literaria = literary reading.
    * lectura más minuciosa = closer reading.
    * lectura minuciosa = close reading.
    * lectura nocturna = bedtime reading.
    * lectura no dirigida = undirected reading.
    * lectura obligatoria = required reading.
    * lectura óptica = optical scanning.
    * lectura por encima = browsing.
    * lectura rápida = skimming.
    * lectura rápida buscando algo = scanning.
    * lectura recomendada = further reading.
    * lectura recomendada de clase = classroom reading.
    * lectura recreativa = recreational reading.
    * lecturas recomendadas = recommended background reading, recommended reading.
    * lectura superficial = browsing, skimming.
    * libertad de acceso a la lectura = freedom to read.
    * lista de lecturas = reading list.
    * lista de lecturas para el verano = summer reading list.
    * lista de lecturas recomendadas = reading list, select list, recommended reading list.
    * lista de lecturas sugeridas = suggested reading list.
    * manual de lecturas recomendadas = reader, course reader.
    * material de lectura = reading material, reading matter.
    * material de lectura para adultos = adult reading matter.
    * nivel de lectura = reading ability.
    * nueva lectura = rereading [re-reading].
    * obra de lectura obligatoria = a must-read.
    * obsesionado con la lectura = bookaholic.
    * obseso con la lectura = bookaholic.
    * orientación a la lectura = readers' guidance.
    * período previo a la lectura = prereading.
    * persona reacia a la lectura = aliterate.
    * personas con problemas de lectura = print handicapped people, print handicapped, the.
    * personas con problemas de lectura de la letra impresa = print disabled people.
    * placer de la lectura, el = joy of reading, the.
    * predisposición a la lectura = reading readiness.
    * problemas de lectura = reading difficulties.
    * programa de lectura = reading programme.
    * promoción de la lectura = reading promotion.
    * promover la lectura = promote + reading.
    * Proyecto Nacional de Lectura Optica de Textos de Agricultura (NATDP) = National Agricultural Text Digitizing Project (NATDP).
    * puesto de lectura = reader place, reader seat [reader's seat], study place.
    * puestos de lectura = seating capacity, seating space, reading space.
    * rechazo a la lectura = aliteracy.
    * reserva de puestos de lectura = seat reservation.
    * rincón de la lectura = classroom reading corner.
    * rincón de lectura = book corner.
    * sála de lectura = reading room, reading area.
    * sala de lectura de periódicos = newsroom.
    * salón de lectura = browsing room.
    * sed de lectura = book hunger.
    * sesión de lectura = reading session.
    * tertulia de lectura = book club evening.
    * trabajo de lectura obligatoria = a must-read.
    * * *
    a) ( acción) reading
    b) ( texto) reading matter
    c) ( interpretación) interpretation, reading
    * * *
    = perusal, reading, scan, read, reading.

    Ex: Computer searching has many facilities and permits a more flexible approach to index searching, but printed indexes have the advantage of ease of perusal.

    Ex: Although the work of the CRG makes fascinating reading, and magnificent contributions were made towards the clarification of the principles of classification, much work remain to be done.
    Ex: If no data appears on the screen after scanning, the scan immediately be repeated.
    Ex: I would deliberately avoid raising expectations that this is going to be an exciting action-packed read.
    Ex: My reading of Joel's comments was that he'd be willing to drop all the others out of the picture if one of you were willing to do the whole thing.
    * acceso de sólo lectura = read-only access.
    * adicto a la lectura = bookaholic.
    * animación a la lectura = reading animation, reading promotion.
    * aparato de lectura = reading machine.
    * área de lectura = reading floor.
    * asesoramiento sobre la lectura = reading guidance.
    * basado en la lectura = book-centred.
    * cabeza de lectura = scanning head.
    * campamento de lectura = readers' camp.
    * club de lectura = reading club.
    * comentario personal de una lectura = reading-reportage.
    * con problemas de lectura = print disabled.
    * continuar con la lectura de = carry on through.
    * cultivar los hábitos de lectura = cultivate + reading habits.
    * de lectura de datos = data-capture.
    * de lectura fácil = easy reading.
    * departamento de lectura "formativo-recreativa" = popular department.
    * derecho a la lectura = right to read.
    * de sólo lectura = read-only.
    * dispositivo de lectura = reading device.
    * dispositivo de lectura digital = scanning device.
    * equipo de lectura de microfilm = microfilm reading equipment.
    * error de lectura = misreading.
    * facilidad de lectura = ease of reading.
    * falta de deseo por la lectura = aliteracy.
    * fomentar la lectura = promote + reading.
    * fomento de la lectura = reading promotion.
    * fomento del hábito de la lectura = reading promotion.
    * fondo de lectura "formativo-recreativa = browser collection.
    * fórmula para la dificultad de lectura = reading formula.
    * hábito de la lectura = reading habit.
    * herramienta de ayuda a la lectura = reading aid.
    * intereses de lectura = reading interests.
    * lectura de cuentos = story reading.
    * lectura de mapas = map-reading.
    * lectura de obra de teatro en voz alta = play-reading [play reading].
    * lectura de obras literarias = literary reading.
    * lectura de ocio = recreational reading, leisure reading, pleasure reading.
    * lectura digital = scanning.
    * lectura en clase = class reading.
    * lectura en familia = family reading.
    * lectura en frío = cold reading.
    * lectura en silencio = silent reading.
    * lectura en voz alta = reading aloud.
    * lectura literaria = literary reading.
    * lectura más minuciosa = closer reading.
    * lectura minuciosa = close reading.
    * lectura nocturna = bedtime reading.
    * lectura no dirigida = undirected reading.
    * lectura obligatoria = required reading.
    * lectura óptica = optical scanning.
    * lectura por encima = browsing.
    * lectura rápida = skimming.
    * lectura rápida buscando algo = scanning.
    * lectura recomendada = further reading.
    * lectura recomendada de clase = classroom reading.
    * lectura recreativa = recreational reading.
    * lecturas recomendadas = recommended background reading, recommended reading.
    * lectura superficial = browsing, skimming.
    * libertad de acceso a la lectura = freedom to read.
    * lista de lecturas = reading list.
    * lista de lecturas para el verano = summer reading list.
    * lista de lecturas recomendadas = reading list, select list, recommended reading list.
    * lista de lecturas sugeridas = suggested reading list.
    * manual de lecturas recomendadas = reader, course reader.
    * material de lectura = reading material, reading matter.
    * material de lectura para adultos = adult reading matter.
    * nivel de lectura = reading ability.
    * nueva lectura = rereading [re-reading].
    * obra de lectura obligatoria = a must-read.
    * obsesionado con la lectura = bookaholic.
    * obseso con la lectura = bookaholic.
    * orientación a la lectura = readers' guidance.
    * período previo a la lectura = prereading.
    * persona reacia a la lectura = aliterate.
    * personas con problemas de lectura = print handicapped people, print handicapped, the.
    * personas con problemas de lectura de la letra impresa = print disabled people.
    * placer de la lectura, el = joy of reading, the.
    * predisposición a la lectura = reading readiness.
    * problemas de lectura = reading difficulties.
    * programa de lectura = reading programme.
    * promoción de la lectura = reading promotion.
    * promover la lectura = promote + reading.
    * Proyecto Nacional de Lectura Optica de Textos de Agricultura (NATDP) = National Agricultural Text Digitizing Project (NATDP).
    * puesto de lectura = reader place, reader seat [reader's seat], study place.
    * puestos de lectura = seating capacity, seating space, reading space.
    * rechazo a la lectura = aliteracy.
    * reserva de puestos de lectura = seat reservation.
    * rincón de la lectura = classroom reading corner.
    * rincón de lectura = book corner.
    * sála de lectura = reading room, reading area.
    * sala de lectura de periódicos = newsroom.
    * salón de lectura = browsing room.
    * sed de lectura = book hunger.
    * sesión de lectura = reading session.
    * tertulia de lectura = book club evening.
    * trabajo de lectura obligatoria = a must-read.

    * * *
    1 (acción) reading
    el secretario dio lectura al acta de la sesión anterior the secretary read the minutes of the previous meeting
    la lectura del contador de electricidad the electricity meter reading
    2 (texto) reading matter
    lecturas apropiadas para niños reading material o reading matter suitable for children
    4 (interpretación) interpretation, reading
    Compuesto:
    lectura rápida or veloz
    skim reading, speed reading
    * * *

     

    lectura sustantivo femenino




    lectura sustantivo femenino
    1 (acción) reading: hubo un error en la lectura del contador, there was a mistake in the meter reading
    2 (objeto de lectura) le gusta este tipo de lectura, she likes these kind of books
    3 (interpretación) interpretation: has hecho una lectura muy retorcida de su libro, you've come up with a strange interpretation of his book
    los especialistas ofrecen una lectura poco optimista de los acontecimientos, the experts painted a dismal view of events
    ' lectura' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    deuda
    - deudo
    - duda
    - tocha
    - tocho
    - afición
    - ligero
    English:
    matter
    - reader
    - reading
    - reading room
    - required
    - ROM
    - set book
    - sight-read
    - prescribe
    * * *
    1. [de libro, texto] reading;
    dar lectura a algo to read sth out loud
    2. Educ [de tesis] Br viva (voce), US defense
    3. [escrito] reading (matter);
    siempre voy de vacaciones con mucha lectura I always take plenty to read on Br holiday o US vacation
    4. [interpretación] reading, interpretation;
    mi lectura de la ley es completamente diferente my reading o interpretation of the law is completely different;
    hizo una lectura de la novela en clave política she gave a political reading o interpretation of the novel
    5. [de contador] reading
    6. Informát read-out;
    [de datos] scanning
    * * *
    f reading;
    dar lectura a algo read sth (out);
    tener varias lecturas fig have several interpretations
    * * *
    1) : reading
    2) : reading matter
    * * *
    lectura n reading

    Spanish-English dictionary > lectura

  • 14 primero

    adj.
    first, prime, foremost.
    adv.
    first, in the first place, firstly, for one thing.
    * * *
    1 first
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 first
    \
    a primeros de mes/año at the beginning of the month/year
    lo primero es lo primero first things first Table 1 NOTA Before singular masculine nouns the form primer is used /Table 1
    ————————
    * * *
    1. (f. - primera)
    adj.
    2. (f. - primera)
    noun
    3. adv.
    * * *
    primero, -a
    1. ADJ
    ( antes de sm sing primer)
    1) [en el espacio] [página, planta] first; [fila] front, first

    vivo en el primer piso — I live on the first o (EEUU) second floor

    una foto en primera página — a front-page photo, a photo on the front page

    • estar primero — [en una cola] to be first; [en importancia] to come first

    perdone, pero yo estaba primero — excuse me, but I was first

    plana 1), plano 2., 3)
    2) [en el tiempo] [día, semana, fase] first; [época, poemas] early; [síntoma] first, early

    • en los primeros años del siglo — in the early years of the century

    • a primera hora (de la mañana) — first thing in the morning

    • en primer lugar — [dentro de un orden] first of all; [para dar énfasis] in the first place

    en primer lugar, tú no deberías haber dicho nada — in the first place, you shouldn't have said anything

    hora 2), b), guerra 1)
    3) (=principal) [deber, objetivo] main, primary

    artículos de primera necesidad — basic essentials, staple items

    • primer actor — leading man

    • primera actriz — leading lady

    • primeros auxilios — first aid

    • de primera categoría — first-class

    un puerto de primera categoría — (Ciclismo) a first-category climb

    • primer espada — (Taur) principal bullfighter

    • primer violín — (=concertino) leader; [de sección] first violin

    bailarín, dama, mandatario, ministro, piedra
    2.
    SM / F first

    soy el primero de la lista — I'm top of the list, I'm first on the list

    quedó entre los diez primeros — he was in o among the first ten

    es la primera de la clase — she is the best in the class, she is top of the class

    bueno 1., 9), vista 1., 6), d), primera
    3. SM
    1)

    • a primeros (de mes) — at the beginning of the month

    2) (tb: primer plato) starter, first course

    ¿qué van a tomar de primero? — what will you have as a starter o for the first course?

    4. ADV
    1) (=en primer lugar) first

    primero iremos a comprar y luego al cine — first, we'll do the shopping and then go to the cinema

    2) [indicando preferencia] sooner, rather

    primero se queda en casa que pedir dinero — she'd sooner o rather stay at home than ask for money

    ¡primero morir! — I'd rather die!

    * * *
    I
    - ra adjetivo/pronombre [ primer is used before masculine singular nouns]
    1) (en el espacio, el tiempo) first

    vivo en el primer piso — I live on the second (AmE) o (BrE) first floor

    en primer lugar... — first (of all),..., firstly,...

    sus primeros poemas — her early o first poems

    1o de julio — (read as: primero de julio) 1st July, July 1st (léase: July the first)

    Olaf I — (read as: Olaf primero) Olaf I (léase: Olaf the First)

    2) (en calidad, jerarquía)

    de primera categoría — first-class, first-rate

    de primera — first-class, first-rate

    3) (básico, fundamental)

    lo primero es... — the most important thing is...

    II
    1) ( en el tiempo) first
    * * *
    = early [earlier -comp., earliest -sup.], first (1st), foremost, first ever, topmost [top most], top-of-mind.
    Ex. Microforms are easy to use, although there were early reservations concerning the fact that users need to become familiar with any specific kind of microform and its reader.
    Ex. The first objective, however, is best satisfied by the second policy.
    Ex. Foremost among those recommendations was one pertaining to the development of a UNIMARC format for authorities.
    Ex. In April 1993 the first ever computer crime legislation came into existence in Hong Kong.
    Ex. Thus each heap was delivered to the warehouseman with the final impressions of both formes on the topmost sheet.
    Ex. Computer security is a top-of-mind subject for both IT managers and their corporate bosses.
    ----
    * alumno de primer año = first grader.
    * alumno de primer curso = first grader.
    * alumno de primero = first grader.
    * amor a primera vista = love at first sight.
    * aparecer por primera vez = premiere.
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.
    * a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * asesinato en primer grado = first-degree murder.
    * asiento de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside ticket.
    * atacar primero = preemptive strike.
    * botiquín de primeros auxilios = first-aid kit.
    * butaca de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside ticket.
    * cabo primero = lance corporal.
    * causar una buena primera impresión = make + a good first impression.
    * causar una primera impresión = make + a first impression.
    * colocar como primer elemento de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead.
    * como primera elección = as a first preference.
    * con el primer intento = at the first shot.
    * conocer de primera mano = know + first-hand.
    * contratar al primero que solicita el trabajo = hire on a first-come, first-take basis.
    * correo de primera clase = first class post.
    * dar el primer paso = make + a start, take + the first step.
    * dar los primeros pasos en = venture into.
    * de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.
    * de primera = best-quality, top-notch, blue chip [blue-chip], prime, tip-top, first-rate.
    * de primera calidad = premium, premier.
    * de primera clase = first class, first-rate, tip-top.
    * de primera línea = first-line.
    * de primera magnitud = fully blown.
    * de primera mano = at first hand, first-hand [firsthand], first-person.
    * de primera persona = first-person.
    * de primeras = at first sight, on the face of it, at first glance, first-blush, up-front [up front].
    * de primer grado = in the first degree.
    * de primer nivel = first-level.
    * de primer orden = first-order [1st-order], world-class, blue chip [blue-chip].
    * descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.
    * desde el primer día = from day one.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.
    * desventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover disadvantage.
    * desventaja del primero que hace Algo = first-mover disadvantage, first-mover advantage.
    * dilema de qué es primero el huevo o la gallina = chicken and egg situation.
    * durante los primeros años = during the early years.
    * el primer intento = the first time around.
    * el primer + Nombre = the earliest + Nombre.
    * el primero mencionado = former.
    * encargado de prestar los primeros auxilios = first aider.
    * en el primer caso = in the former case.
    * en los primeros años de = early in.
    * en los primeros años de vida = early in life.
    * en primera instancia = in the first instance.
    * en primera línea = in the front line, first-line, on the front line.
    * en primer lugar = firstly, in the first place, in the first instance, first and foremost, first off.
    * escuela de primer ciclo de secundaria = intermediate school.
    * estar entre los primeros = stay on top.
    * estudiante de primer año = freshman [freshmen, -pl.], first-year student.
    * experiencia de primera mano = first-hand experience.
    * hacer los primeros pinitos = take + the first step.
    * inicial del primer nombre de pila = first initial.
    * ir primero = lead + the way.
    * la primera tentativa = the first time around.
    * la primera vez = the first time around.
    * lo primero = for one, first off.
    * lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.
    * mostrar por primera vez = premiere.
    * Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.
    * ocupar un primer lugar = stand + first.
    * pasar al primer plano = take + centre stage.
    * poner en primer plano = foreground.
    * por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.
    * Posesivo + primeros pasos = Posesivo + first steps.
    * Posesivo + primeros pinitos = Posesivo + first steps.
    * primera cita = first date.
    * primera comunión = first communion.
    * primera división = premiership.
    * Primera División, la = First Division, the.
    * Primera Edición de las Reglas de Catalogación Anglo-Americanas (RCAA1) = AACR1 (Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules 1st Edition).
    * Primera Enmienda, la = First Amendment, the.
    * primera época, la = early days, the.
    * primera escena, la = opening scene, the.
    * primera etapa = early days.
    * Primera Guerra Mundial = First World War (World War I), World War I [First World War].
    * primera impresión = first impression.
    * primera infancia = babyhood, early childhood.
    * primera línea = front-line [front line], front-line, forefront.
    * primera línea de defensa = first line of defence.
    * primera manga = first leg, away game.
    * primera medida = initial step.
    * primer antepasado = primogenitor.
    * primer año de carrera = freshman year.
    * primer año de estudios superiores = freshman year.
    * primera palabra del encabezamiento = entry word.
    * primera parada = first stop.
    * primera persona = first person.
    * primera plana = front page [front-page].
    * primera posición = pole position, pole start.
    * primera posición de salida = pole start.
    * primera prensada = first cold press.
    * primera referencia = first stop.
    * primera reunión = starter meeting.
    * primeras horas de la madrugada = late night.
    * primeras palabras = opening statement.
    * primera vez, la = first time, the.
    * primer aviso = smoke signal.
    * primer curso = first grade.
    * primer escalafón laboral = entry position.
    * primer heredero = heir apparent [heiress apparent].
    * primer indicio = smoke signal.
    * primer lugar de consulta = first stop.
    * primer meridiano = prime meridian.
    * primer ministro = Premier, prime minister.
    * primer molar = six-year molar.
    * primer molar permanente = first molar.
    * primero en hacer Algo = first mover.
    * primero en tomar la iniciativa = first mover.
    * primero entre pares = first among equals.
    * primero, lo = first thing, the.
    * primero que nada = first off.
    * primeros auxilios = first-aid.
    * primeros impresos = early imprints.
    * primero y principal = first and foremost.
    * primer paso = stake in the ground.
    * primer paso de, el = thin edge of the wedge, the.
    * primer plano = close up, foreground, limelight, centre stage, forefront.
    * primer plato = side entrée.
    * primer puesto + ser para = pride of place + go to.
    * primer punto de contacto = port of first call.
    * primer punto de contacto, el = first port of call, the.
    * primer recurso = first recourse.
    * primer y segundo plato = main dish.
    * proceso en primera instancia = proceeding in the first instance.
    * provisiones de primera necesidad = basic provisions, basic goods.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * relato de primera mano = eyewitness report, eyewitness account, first-hand account.
    * sala de primeros auxilios = emergency room.
    * sargento primero = lance sergeant.
    * seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.
    * sentirse de primera = feel + tip-top.
    * ser de primera categoría = be top notch.
    * ser el primero = be second to none, come out on + top.
    * ser el primero en = lead + the way in.
    * ser el primero en + Infinitivo = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * situado en primer lugar = top-ranked, top-rated.
    * una primera y última vez = a first and last time.
    * un + Nombre + a primera hora de la maña = an early morning + Nombre.
    * ventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover advantage.
    * visión de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside view.
    * * *
    I
    - ra adjetivo/pronombre [ primer is used before masculine singular nouns]
    1) (en el espacio, el tiempo) first

    vivo en el primer piso — I live on the second (AmE) o (BrE) first floor

    en primer lugar... — first (of all),..., firstly,...

    sus primeros poemas — her early o first poems

    1o de julio — (read as: primero de julio) 1st July, July 1st (léase: July the first)

    Olaf I — (read as: Olaf primero) Olaf I (léase: Olaf the First)

    2) (en calidad, jerarquía)

    de primera categoría — first-class, first-rate

    de primera — first-class, first-rate

    3) (básico, fundamental)

    lo primero es... — the most important thing is...

    II
    1) ( en el tiempo) first
    * * *
    = early [earlier -comp., earliest -sup.], first (1st), foremost, first ever, topmost [top most], top-of-mind.

    Ex: Microforms are easy to use, although there were early reservations concerning the fact that users need to become familiar with any specific kind of microform and its reader.

    Ex: The first objective, however, is best satisfied by the second policy.
    Ex: Foremost among those recommendations was one pertaining to the development of a UNIMARC format for authorities.
    Ex: In April 1993 the first ever computer crime legislation came into existence in Hong Kong.
    Ex: Thus each heap was delivered to the warehouseman with the final impressions of both formes on the topmost sheet.
    Ex: Computer security is a top-of-mind subject for both IT managers and their corporate bosses.
    * alumno de primer año = first grader.
    * alumno de primer curso = first grader.
    * alumno de primero = first grader.
    * amor a primera vista = love at first sight.
    * aparecer por primera vez = premiere.
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.
    * a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * asesinato en primer grado = first-degree murder.
    * asiento de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside ticket.
    * atacar primero = preemptive strike.
    * botiquín de primeros auxilios = first-aid kit.
    * butaca de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside ticket.
    * cabo primero = lance corporal.
    * causar una buena primera impresión = make + a good first impression.
    * causar una primera impresión = make + a first impression.
    * colocar como primer elemento de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead.
    * como primera elección = as a first preference.
    * con el primer intento = at the first shot.
    * conocer de primera mano = know + first-hand.
    * contratar al primero que solicita el trabajo = hire on a first-come, first-take basis.
    * correo de primera clase = first class post.
    * dar el primer paso = make + a start, take + the first step.
    * dar los primeros pasos en = venture into.
    * de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.
    * de primera = best-quality, top-notch, blue chip [blue-chip], prime, tip-top, first-rate.
    * de primera calidad = premium, premier.
    * de primera clase = first class, first-rate, tip-top.
    * de primera línea = first-line.
    * de primera magnitud = fully blown.
    * de primera mano = at first hand, first-hand [firsthand], first-person.
    * de primera persona = first-person.
    * de primeras = at first sight, on the face of it, at first glance, first-blush, up-front [up front].
    * de primer grado = in the first degree.
    * de primer nivel = first-level.
    * de primer orden = first-order [1st-order], world-class, blue chip [blue-chip].
    * descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.
    * desde el primer día = from day one.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.
    * desventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover disadvantage.
    * desventaja del primero que hace Algo = first-mover disadvantage, first-mover advantage.
    * dilema de qué es primero el huevo o la gallina = chicken and egg situation.
    * durante los primeros años = during the early years.
    * el primer intento = the first time around.
    * el primer + Nombre = the earliest + Nombre.
    * el primero mencionado = former.
    * encargado de prestar los primeros auxilios = first aider.
    * en el primer caso = in the former case.
    * en los primeros años de = early in.
    * en los primeros años de vida = early in life.
    * en primera instancia = in the first instance.
    * en primera línea = in the front line, first-line, on the front line.
    * en primer lugar = firstly, in the first place, in the first instance, first and foremost, first off.
    * escuela de primer ciclo de secundaria = intermediate school.
    * estar entre los primeros = stay on top.
    * estudiante de primer año = freshman [freshmen, -pl.], first-year student.
    * experiencia de primera mano = first-hand experience.
    * hacer los primeros pinitos = take + the first step.
    * inicial del primer nombre de pila = first initial.
    * ir primero = lead + the way.
    * la primera tentativa = the first time around.
    * la primera vez = the first time around.
    * lo primero = for one, first off.
    * lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.
    * mostrar por primera vez = premiere.
    * Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.
    * ocupar un primer lugar = stand + first.
    * pasar al primer plano = take + centre stage.
    * poner en primer plano = foreground.
    * por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.
    * Posesivo + primeros pasos = Posesivo + first steps.
    * Posesivo + primeros pinitos = Posesivo + first steps.
    * primera cita = first date.
    * primera comunión = first communion.
    * primera división = premiership.
    * Primera División, la = First Division, the.
    * Primera Edición de las Reglas de Catalogación Anglo-Americanas (RCAA1) = AACR1 (Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules 1st Edition).
    * Primera Enmienda, la = First Amendment, the.
    * primera época, la = early days, the.
    * primera escena, la = opening scene, the.
    * primera etapa = early days.
    * Primera Guerra Mundial = First World War (World War I), World War I [First World War].
    * primera impresión = first impression.
    * primera infancia = babyhood, early childhood.
    * primera línea = front-line [front line], front-line, forefront.
    * primera línea de defensa = first line of defence.
    * primera manga = first leg, away game.
    * primera medida = initial step.
    * primer antepasado = primogenitor.
    * primer año de carrera = freshman year.
    * primer año de estudios superiores = freshman year.
    * primera palabra del encabezamiento = entry word.
    * primera parada = first stop.
    * primera persona = first person.
    * primera plana = front page [front-page].
    * primera posición = pole position, pole start.
    * primera posición de salida = pole start.
    * primera prensada = first cold press.
    * primera referencia = first stop.
    * primera reunión = starter meeting.
    * primeras horas de la madrugada = late night.
    * primeras palabras = opening statement.
    * primera vez, la = first time, the.
    * primer aviso = smoke signal.
    * primer curso = first grade.
    * primer escalafón laboral = entry position.
    * primer heredero = heir apparent [heiress apparent].
    * primer indicio = smoke signal.
    * primer lugar de consulta = first stop.
    * primer meridiano = prime meridian.
    * primer ministro = Premier, prime minister.
    * primer molar = six-year molar.
    * primer molar permanente = first molar.
    * primero en hacer Algo = first mover.
    * primero en tomar la iniciativa = first mover.
    * primero entre pares = first among equals.
    * primero, lo = first thing, the.
    * primero que nada = first off.
    * primeros auxilios = first-aid.
    * primeros impresos = early imprints.
    * primero y principal = first and foremost.
    * primer paso = stake in the ground.
    * primer paso de, el = thin edge of the wedge, the.
    * primer plano = close up, foreground, limelight, centre stage, forefront.
    * primer plato = side entrée.
    * primer puesto + ser para = pride of place + go to.
    * primer punto de contacto = port of first call.
    * primer punto de contacto, el = first port of call, the.
    * primer recurso = first recourse.
    * primer y segundo plato = main dish.
    * proceso en primera instancia = proceeding in the first instance.
    * provisiones de primera necesidad = basic provisions, basic goods.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * relato de primera mano = eyewitness report, eyewitness account, first-hand account.
    * sala de primeros auxilios = emergency room.
    * sargento primero = lance sergeant.
    * seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.
    * sentirse de primera = feel + tip-top.
    * ser de primera categoría = be top notch.
    * ser el primero = be second to none, come out on + top.
    * ser el primero en = lead + the way in.
    * ser el primero en + Infinitivo = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * situado en primer lugar = top-ranked, top-rated.
    * una primera y última vez = a first and last time.
    * un + Nombre + a primera hora de la maña = an early morning + Nombre.
    * ventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover advantage.
    * visión de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside view.

    * * *
    primero1 -ra
    adjective / pronoun
    A [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ], [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (en el espacio, el tiempo) first
    vivo en el primer piso I live on the second ( AmE) o ( BrE) first floor
    en primer lugar vamos a analizar … first (of all) o firstly, we are going to analyze …
    las diez primeras páginas the first ten pages
    sus primeros poemas her early o first poems
    1º de julio/octubre (read as: primero de julio/octubre) 1st July/October, July/October 1st
    Olaf Iº (read as: Olaf primero) Olaf I (léase: Olaf the First)
    estaba sentado en (la) primera fila he was sitting in the front row
    en las primeras horas de la madrugada de ayer in the early hours of yesterday morning
    mañana a primera hora first thing tomorrow
    soy el primero en reconocerlo I am the first to admit it
    Compuestos:
    ( Relig) feminine first communion
    hacer la primeroa comunión to take one's first communion
    feminine elementary o ( BrE) primary education
    maestro de primeroa enseñanza elementary o primary school teacher
    feminine early childhood
    feminine foundation stone
    feminine front page
    salió en primeroa plana en todos los periódicos it made front-page news o the headlines in all the newspapers, it was on the front page of all the newspapers
    masculine New Year's Day
    mpl first aid
    ( Fot) masculine close-up, close-up shot
    en primer plano ( Art) in the foreground
    masculine first course, starter
    B
    (en calidad, jerarquía): un artículo de primerísima calidad a top-quality product, a product of the very finest o highest quality
    de primera categoría first-class, first-rate
    es el primero de la clase he is top of the class
    es el primer atleta del país he is the country's top athlete
    la primera empresa mundial en el campo de la electrónica the world's leading electronics company
    de primera ‹comida/cantante› first-class, first-rate
    sólo vendemos productos de primera we sell only products of the finest o highest quality
    un corte de carne de primera a prime cut of meat
    Compuestos:
    ● primer actor, primera actriz
    ( masculine) leading man; ( feminine) leading lady
    feminine First Lady
    ● primer bailarín, primera bailarina
    ( masculine) leading dancer; ( feminine) prima ballerina
    ( Taur) masculine principal bullfighter
    ● primer magistrado, primera magistrada
    masculine, feminine mandatario m,f A. (↑ mandatario)
    ● primer mandatario, primera mandataria
    ( period) masculine, feminine head of state
    la entrevista entre ambos primeros mandatarios the meeting between the two heads of state
    el primer mandatario estadounidense the president of the United States
    ● primer ministro, primera ministra
    masculine, feminine Prime Minister
    masculine and feminine First Secretary
    masculine and feminine concertmaster ( AmE), leader (of the orchestra)
    los primeros violines the first violins
    C
    (básico, fundamental): nuestro primer objetivo es … our primary objective is …
    lo primero es asegurarnos de que no corren peligro the essential o most important thing is to make sure they are not in any danger
    ¿por qué no haces primero los deberes? why don't you do your homework first?
    B
    (en importancia): estar primero to come first
    para mí primero está mi familia as far as I'm concerned my family comes first
    C
    (para expresar preferencia): primero se queda sin comer que pedirle dinero she would sooner o rather go hungry than ask him for money
    * * *

     

    primero
    ◊ -ra adjetivo/pronombre primer is used before masculine singular nouns

    1 (en el espacio, el tiempo) first;
    ◊ el primer piso the second (AmE) o (BrE) first floor;

    en primer lugar … first (of all), …, firstly, …;
    1o de julio (read as: primero de julio) 1st July, July 1st (léase: July the first);
    Olaf I (read as: Olaf primero) Olaf I (léase: Olaf the First);
    a primeras horas de la madrugada in the early hours of the morning;
    primera plana front page;
    primeros auxilios sustantivo masculino plural
    first aid;
    primer plano (Fot) close-up (shot)
    2 (en calidad, jerarquía):

    de primera (categoría) first-class, first-rate;
    es el primero de la clase he is top of the class;
    primer ministro Prime Minister
    3 (básico, fundamental):

    artículos de primera necesidad basic necessities;
    lo primero es … the most important thing is …
    ■ adverbio
    1 ( en el tiempo) first
    2 ( en importancia):

    primero,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (en el espacio, en el tiempo) first
    primera fila, front row
    en los primeros años, in the early years
    2 (en calidad, en categoría) first: es el primer actor de la compañía, he's the company's top actor
    3 (en importancia) basic, primary
    un artículo de primera necesidad, an essential item
    II adverbio (orden) first: primero, iremos al supermercado, first, we'll go to the supermarket
    ♦ Locuciones: a primeros, at the beginning of
    a la primera de cambio, as soon as one has the opportunity, given half a chance: no está a gusto en la empresa, así que se irá a la primera de cambio, he's not happy at his company, so he plans to leave as soon as he has the chance
    de buenas a primeras, suddenly, unexpectedly
    lo primero es lo primero, first things first
    ' primero' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ir
    - más
    - originaria
    - originario
    - primer
    - primera
    - residir
    - sucesión
    - trigésima
    - trigésimo
    - ante
    - estudio
    - luego
    - mayo
    - ocurrir
    - vigésimo
    English:
    after
    - born
    - come
    - first
    - former
    - go before
    - initial
    - intro
    - leader
    - LIFO
    - original
    - premier
    - prime
    - raise
    - stationary
    - to
    - year
    - consult
    - head
    - lieutenant
    - May
    - payable
    - pioneer
    - put
    - space
    - start
    - the
    * * *
    primero, -a Primer is used instead of primero before singular masculine nouns (e.g. el primer hombre the first man).
    ♦ núm adj
    1. [en orden] first;
    el primer capítulo, el capítulo primero chapter one;
    los primeros diez párrafos, los diez párrafos primeros the first ten paragraphs;
    Carlos primero [escrito Carlos I] Charles the First [written Charles I];
    el siglo primero [también escrito el siglo I] the first century [written 1st century];
    el primer piso the Br first o US second floor;
    a primera hora de la mañana first thing in the morning;
    en primera fila in the front row;
    en primer lugar, abre la caja first (of all), open the box;
    en primera página on the front page
    primeros auxilios first aid; Dep la primera base [posición] first base; Dep primera base [jugador] first base;
    primera comunión first communion;
    hacer la primera comunión to celebrate one's first communion;
    primera división first division;
    Dep primer equipo first team; Mil primera línea front line;
    estar en primera línea [de batalla] to be on the front line;
    [entre los mejores] to be amongst the best;
    primer plano close-up;
    en primer plano in the foreground;
    primer plato first course, starter
    2. [en importancia, calidad] main;
    la primera empresa del sector the leading company in the sector;
    el primer tenista del país the country's top tennis player;
    uno de los primeros objetivos del gobierno one of the government's main aims;
    el primer actor the leading man;
    la primera actriz the leading lady;
    productos de primera calidad top-quality products;
    deportistas de primera clase o [m5] categoría o [m5] fila top-class sportsmen;
    productos de primera necesidad basic necessities;
    lo primero the most important o main thing;
    lo primero es lo primero first things first
    primer bailarín leading dancer;
    primera bailarina prima ballerina;
    primera dama Teatro leading lady;
    Pol [esposa del presidente] first lady; Taurom primer espada principal bullfighter;
    primer ministro prime minister;
    RP primera magistratura presidency;
    primer violín first violin
    ♦ núm nm,f
    1. [en orden]
    el primero the first one;
    el primero fue bueno the first one was good;
    llegó el primero he came first;
    el primero de la cola the person at the front of the Br queue o US line;
    ¿quién es el primero de la cola? who's first?;
    es el primero de la clase he's top of the class;
    él fue el primero en venir he was the first (person o one) to come;
    no eres el primero que me pregunta eso you're not the first person to ask me that
    2. [mencionado antes]
    vinieron Pedro y Juan, el primero con… Pedro and Juan arrived, the former with…
    ♦ adv
    1. [en primer lugar] first;
    primero déjame que te explique una cosa let me explain something to you first;
    usted estaba primero you were in front of me o first;
    ¿quién va o [m5] está primero? who's first?;
    Am
    primero que nada first of all
    2. [indica preferencia]
    primero… que… rather… than…;
    primero morir que traicionarle I'd rather die than betray him
    ♦ nm
    1. [piso] Br first floor, US second floor
    2. [curso universitario] first year;
    estoy en primero I'm a first year
    3. [curso escolar] = first year of primary school, US ≈ first grade
    4. [día del mes]
    el primero de mayo [también escrito el 1 de mayo] the first of May [written 1 May]
    5. [en frases]
    a primeros de mes/año at the beginning of the month/year;
    a primeros de junio at the beginning of June, in early June;
    de primero [de primer plato] for starters
    * * *
    I adj first
    II m, primera f first (one);
    a primeros de enero at the beginning of January;
    el primero de mayo the first of May;
    ser el primero de la clase be top of the class
    III pron
    :
    lo primero (lo más importante) the most important thing
    IV adv
    1 en posición first
    2 ( primeramente) first of all
    * * *
    primero adv
    1) : first
    2) : rather, sooner
    1) : first
    2) : top, leading
    3) : fundamental, basic
    4)
    de primera : first-rate
    primero, -ra n
    : first
    * * *
    primero1 adj pron
    1. (en orden) first
    a primeros de... at the beginning of...
    primero2 adv first

    Spanish-English dictionary > primero

  • 15 ser

    m.
    1 being (ente).
    ser humano human being
    los seres vivos living things
    2 ens.
    v.
    1 to be (to be in some place or situation, to originate in, to belong to, to pertain, to exist really).
    fue aquí it was here
    lo importante es decidirse the important thing is to reach a decision
    ¿de dónde eres? where are you from?
    los juguetes son de mi hijo the toys are my son's
    es alto/gracioso he is tall/funny
    es azul/difícil it's blue/difficult
    es un amigo/el dueño he is a friend/the owner
    Yo soy buena I am good.
    2 to be (to be worth, quantity).
    ¿cuánto es? how much is it?
    son 300 pesos that'll be 300 pesos
    ¿qué (día) es hoy? what day is it today?, what's today?
    mañana será 15 de julio tomorrow (it) will be 15 July
    ¿qué hora es? what time is it?, what's the time?
    son las tres (de la tarde) it's three o'clock (in the afternoon), it's three (pm)
    3 to be (joined to nouns which signify employment or occupation).
    soy abogado/actriz I'm a lawyer/an actress
    son estudiantes they're students
    4 to be (to happen, to occur, to fall out).
    es muy tarde it's rather late
    era de noche/de día it was night/day
    5 to be (auxiliary verb, by which the passive is formed).
    fue visto por un testigo he was seen by a witness
    6 to exist, to live.
    7 to be for.
    Me es muy fácil aprender español It is very easy for me to learn Spanish.
    * * *
    Present Indicative
    soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son.
    Imperfect Subjunctive
    Past Indicative
    Future Indicative
    seré, serás, será, seremos, seréis, serán.
    Conditional
    sería, serías, sería, seríamos, seríais, serían.
    Present Subjunctive
    sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean.
    Imperfect Subjunctive
    Future Subjunctive
    Imperative
    sé (tú), sea (él/Vd.), seamos (nos.), sed (vos.), sean (ellos/Vds.).
    Past Participle
    \
    \
    ————————
    * * *
    1. verb 2. noun m.
    * * *
    SF ABR Esp
    = Sociedad Española de Radiodifusión radio network
    * * *
    I 1.
    [ ser expresses identity or nature as opposed to condition or state, which is normally conveyed by estar. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in estar 1 cópula 1]

    es inglés/rubio/católico — he's English/fair/(a) Catholic

    era cierto/posible — it was true/possible

    sé bueno, estáte quieto — be a good boy and keep still

    que seas muy feliz — I hope you'll be very happy; (+ me/te/le etc)

    para serte sincero — to be honest with you, to tell you the truth

    siempre le he sido fiel — I've always been faithful to her; ver tb verbo intransitivo I 5

    ¿éste es o se hace?/¿tú eres o te haces? — (AmL fam) is he/are you stupid or something? (colloq)

    el mayor es casado/divorciado — the oldest is married/divorced

    es viuda — she's a widow; ver tb estar I 3)

    3) (seguido de nombre, pronombre, sintagma nominal) to be

    soy peluquera/abogada — I'm a hairdresser/a lawyer

    ábreme, soy Mariano/yo — open the door, it's Mariano/it's me

    por ser usted, haremos una excepción — for you o since it's you, we'll make an exception

    4) (con predicado introducido por `de')

    es de los vecinos — it belongs to the neighbors, it's the neighbors'

    ésa es de las que... — she's one of those people who..., she's the sort of person who...

    ser de lo que no hay — (fam) to be incredible (colloq)

    5) (hipótesis, futuro)

    ¿será cierto? — can it be true?

    2.
    ser vi
    1)
    a) ( existir) to be
    b) (liter) ( en cuentos)

    érase una vez... — once upon a time there was...

    2)
    a) (tener lugar, ocurrir)

    ¿dónde fue el accidente? — where did the accident happen?

    el asunto fue así... — it happened like this...

    ser de algo/alguien: ¿qué habrá sido de él? I wonder what happened to o what became of him; ¿qué es de Marisa? (fam) what's Marisa up to (these days)? (colloq); ¿qué va a ser de nosotros? — what will become of us?

    3) ( sumar)

    ¿cuánto es (todo)? — how much is that (altogether)?

    son 3.000 pesos — that'll be o that's 3,000 pesos

    4) (causar, significar) to be
    5) ( resultar)
    6) ( consistir en) to be

    lo importante es participar — the important o main thing is to take part

    7) (indicando finalidad, adecuación)

    fue aquí donde lo vi — this is where I saw him, it was here that I saw him

    fui yo quien or la que lo dije fui yo quien or la que lo dijo — I was the one who said it, it was me that said it

    9)

    es que...: ¿es que no lo saben? do you mean to say they don't know?; es que no sé nadar the thing is I can't swim; díselo, si es que te atreves — tell him, if you dare

    10)

    lo que es... — (fam)

    lo que es yo, no pienso hablarle más — I certainly have no intention of speaking to him again

    lo que es saber idiomas! — it sure is something to be able to speak languages! (AmE), what it is to be able to speak languages! (BrE)

    a no ser que — (+ subj) unless

    como debe ser: ¿ves como me acordé? - como debe ser! see, I did remember- I should think so too!; los presentó uno por uno, como debe ser she introduced them one by one, as you should; ¿cómo es eso? why is that?, how come? (colloq); como/cuando/donde sea: tengo que conseguir ese trabajo como sea I have to get that job no matter what; hazlo como sea, pero hazlo do it any way o however you want but get it done; puedo dormir en el sillón o donde sea I can sleep in the armchair or wherever you like o anywhere you like; como ser (CS) such as; de no ser así (frml) should this not be the case (frml); de ser así (frml) should this be so o the case (frml); de no ser por...: de no ser por él,... if it hadn't been o if it weren't for him,...; eso es! that's it!, that's right!; lo que sea: cómete una manzana, o lo que sea have an apple or something; tú pagas tus mil pesos o lo que sea... you pay your thousand pesos or whatever...; estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea I'm prepared to do whatever it takes o anything; no sea que or no vaya a ser que (+ subj) in case; cierra la ventana, no sea or no vaya a ser que llueva close the window in case it rains; ten cuidado, no sea or no vaya a ser que lo eches todo a perder be careful or you'll ruin everything; o sea: los empleados de más antigüedad, o sea los que llevan aquí más de... longer serving employees, that is to say those who have been here more than...; o sea que no te interesa in other words, you're not interested; o sea que nunca lo descubriste so you never found out; (ya) sea..., (ya) sea... either..., or...; (ya) sea por caridad, (ya) sea por otra razón,... whether he did it out of charity or for some other reason,...; sea como sea: hay que impedirlo, sea como sea it must be prevented now matter how o at all costs; sea cuando sea whenever it is; sea quien sea le dices que no estoy whoever it is, tell them I'm not in; si no fuera/hubiera sido por... — if it wasn't o weren't/hadn't been for...

    12) ( en el tiempo) to be

    ¿qué fecha es hoy? — what's the date today?, what's today's date

    ¿qué día es hoy? — what day is it today?

    serían las cuatro cuando llegó — it must have been (about) four (o'clock) when she arrived; ver tb verbo impersonal

    3.
    ser v impers to be
    4.

    ser + pp — to be + pp

    II
    1)
    a) ( ente) being
    b) (individuo, persona)
    2)
    b) ( carácter esencial) essence
    3) (Fil) being
    * * *
    I 1.
    [ ser expresses identity or nature as opposed to condition or state, which is normally conveyed by estar. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in estar 1 cópula 1]

    es inglés/rubio/católico — he's English/fair/(a) Catholic

    era cierto/posible — it was true/possible

    sé bueno, estáte quieto — be a good boy and keep still

    que seas muy feliz — I hope you'll be very happy; (+ me/te/le etc)

    para serte sincero — to be honest with you, to tell you the truth

    siempre le he sido fiel — I've always been faithful to her; ver tb verbo intransitivo I 5

    ¿éste es o se hace?/¿tú eres o te haces? — (AmL fam) is he/are you stupid or something? (colloq)

    el mayor es casado/divorciado — the oldest is married/divorced

    es viuda — she's a widow; ver tb estar I 3)

    3) (seguido de nombre, pronombre, sintagma nominal) to be

    soy peluquera/abogada — I'm a hairdresser/a lawyer

    ábreme, soy Mariano/yo — open the door, it's Mariano/it's me

    por ser usted, haremos una excepción — for you o since it's you, we'll make an exception

    4) (con predicado introducido por `de')

    es de los vecinos — it belongs to the neighbors, it's the neighbors'

    ésa es de las que... — she's one of those people who..., she's the sort of person who...

    ser de lo que no hay — (fam) to be incredible (colloq)

    5) (hipótesis, futuro)

    ¿será cierto? — can it be true?

    2.
    ser vi
    1)
    a) ( existir) to be
    b) (liter) ( en cuentos)

    érase una vez... — once upon a time there was...

    2)
    a) (tener lugar, ocurrir)

    ¿dónde fue el accidente? — where did the accident happen?

    el asunto fue así... — it happened like this...

    ser de algo/alguien: ¿qué habrá sido de él? I wonder what happened to o what became of him; ¿qué es de Marisa? (fam) what's Marisa up to (these days)? (colloq); ¿qué va a ser de nosotros? — what will become of us?

    3) ( sumar)

    ¿cuánto es (todo)? — how much is that (altogether)?

    son 3.000 pesos — that'll be o that's 3,000 pesos

    4) (causar, significar) to be
    5) ( resultar)
    6) ( consistir en) to be

    lo importante es participar — the important o main thing is to take part

    7) (indicando finalidad, adecuación)

    fue aquí donde lo vi — this is where I saw him, it was here that I saw him

    fui yo quien or la que lo dije fui yo quien or la que lo dijo — I was the one who said it, it was me that said it

    9)

    es que...: ¿es que no lo saben? do you mean to say they don't know?; es que no sé nadar the thing is I can't swim; díselo, si es que te atreves — tell him, if you dare

    10)

    lo que es... — (fam)

    lo que es yo, no pienso hablarle más — I certainly have no intention of speaking to him again

    lo que es saber idiomas! — it sure is something to be able to speak languages! (AmE), what it is to be able to speak languages! (BrE)

    a no ser que — (+ subj) unless

    como debe ser: ¿ves como me acordé? - como debe ser! see, I did remember- I should think so too!; los presentó uno por uno, como debe ser she introduced them one by one, as you should; ¿cómo es eso? why is that?, how come? (colloq); como/cuando/donde sea: tengo que conseguir ese trabajo como sea I have to get that job no matter what; hazlo como sea, pero hazlo do it any way o however you want but get it done; puedo dormir en el sillón o donde sea I can sleep in the armchair or wherever you like o anywhere you like; como ser (CS) such as; de no ser así (frml) should this not be the case (frml); de ser así (frml) should this be so o the case (frml); de no ser por...: de no ser por él,... if it hadn't been o if it weren't for him,...; eso es! that's it!, that's right!; lo que sea: cómete una manzana, o lo que sea have an apple or something; tú pagas tus mil pesos o lo que sea... you pay your thousand pesos or whatever...; estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea I'm prepared to do whatever it takes o anything; no sea que or no vaya a ser que (+ subj) in case; cierra la ventana, no sea or no vaya a ser que llueva close the window in case it rains; ten cuidado, no sea or no vaya a ser que lo eches todo a perder be careful or you'll ruin everything; o sea: los empleados de más antigüedad, o sea los que llevan aquí más de... longer serving employees, that is to say those who have been here more than...; o sea que no te interesa in other words, you're not interested; o sea que nunca lo descubriste so you never found out; (ya) sea..., (ya) sea... either..., or...; (ya) sea por caridad, (ya) sea por otra razón,... whether he did it out of charity or for some other reason,...; sea como sea: hay que impedirlo, sea como sea it must be prevented now matter how o at all costs; sea cuando sea whenever it is; sea quien sea le dices que no estoy whoever it is, tell them I'm not in; si no fuera/hubiera sido por... — if it wasn't o weren't/hadn't been for...

    12) ( en el tiempo) to be

    ¿qué fecha es hoy? — what's the date today?, what's today's date

    ¿qué día es hoy? — what day is it today?

    serían las cuatro cuando llegó — it must have been (about) four (o'clock) when she arrived; ver tb verbo impersonal

    3.
    ser v impers to be
    4.

    ser + pp — to be + pp

    II
    1)
    a) ( ente) being
    b) (individuo, persona)
    2)
    b) ( carácter esencial) essence
    3) (Fil) being
    * * *
    ser1
    1 = being, creature.

    Ex: A feeling of unshielded relief filled Pope's whole being.

    Ex: Stories that lead to doing things are all the more attractive to children, who are active rather than passive creatures.
    * abducción por seres extraterrestres = alien abduction.
    * alimentación del ser humano = human nutrition.
    * llegada de seres extraterrestres = alien visitation.
    * nutrición del ser humano = human nutrition.
    * ser consecuente con Uno mismo = be true to + Reflexivo.
    * ser extraterrestre = alien creature.
    * ser fiel con Uno mismo = be true to + Reflexivo.
    * ser humano = human being, human, human person.
    * ser inteligente = intelligent being.
    * ser pensante = sentient being.
    * ser superior = supreme being, higher being, superior being.
    * ser supremo = supreme being.
    * ser todo un éxito = hit + a home run, knock it out of + the park.
    * ser vivo = living being, sentient being.
    * todo ser humano = every living soul.
    * tráfico de seres humanos = trafficking in human beings.
    * trata de seres humanos = trafficking in human beings.

    ser2
    2 = be, take + the form of, stand as.

    Ex: Systems such as Dialog, IRS, ORBIT and BLAISE may be accessed by libraries and information units.

    Ex: Hierarchical relationships may also take the form of co-ordinate relationships, in which case they may be represented by 'RT' or related term, in a similar manner to affinitive relationships below.
    Ex: Meantime, our new library stand as as a confident symbol of the importance of ALL librarires to the nation's cultural, educational and economic success.
    * anhelar ser = ache to be.
    * a no ser que = unless.
    * así es = that's how it is.
    * así sea = amen.
    * así son las cosas = that's they way things are.
    * centrado en el ser humano = anthropocentric.
    * clonación del ser humano = human cloning.
    * como es el caso de = as it is with.
    * cómo + ser = what + be like.
    * conseguir ser el centro de atención = capture + spotlight.
    * continuar siendo importante = remain + big.
    * crearse el prestigio de ser = establish + a record as.
    * cualquiera que fuere = any... whatsoever.
    * cualquiera que fuese = any... whatsoever.
    * cualquiera que sea + Nombre = whichever + Nombre.
    * debilidad del ser humano = mankind's frailty.
    * dejar de ser útil = outlive + Posesivo + usefulness.
    * demostrar ser = prove + to be.
    * de tal forma que + ser/estar = in such form as to + be.
    * dicho sea de paso = by the by(e).
    * dime con quién andas y te diré quién eres = you are known by the company you keep.
    * dinero + ser para = money + go towards.
    * el + Nombre + es inestimable = the + Nombre + cannot be overestimated.
    * el ser barato = cheapness.
    * el sueño de todo ser viviente = the stuff dreams are made of.
    * entrar sin ser visto = sneak into.
    * es = it's [it is].
    * esa es la cuestión = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.
    * esa es la dificultad = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.
    * es decir = i.e. (latín - id est), in other words, that is, that is to say, which is to say.
    * es de deducir que = it follows that.
    * es de destacar que = significantly.
    * es de esperar = hopefully.
    * es de esperar que = all being well.
    * es de resaltar que = significantly.
    * es de suponer que = presumably.
    * ese es el asunto = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.
    * ese es el problema = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.
    * es el momento adecuado = the moment is ripe, the time is ripe.
    * es el momento oportuno = the moment is ripe, the time is ripe.
    * es evidente = clearly.
    * es importante destacar = importantly.
    * es inevitable que = inevitably.
    * es interesante que = interestingly.
    * es lo que a mí me parece = my two cents' worth.
    * es lo que yo pienso = my two cents' worth.
    * es más = more important, moreover.
    * es más fácil decirlo que hacerlo = easier said than done.
    * es mi opinión = my two cents' worth.
    * es mi parecer = my two cents' worth.
    * es por lo tanto deducible que = it therefore follows that.
    * es por lo tanto de esperar que = it therefore follows that.
    * es por lo tanto lógico que = it therefore follows that.
    * ¡esta es tu oportunidad! = here's your chance!.
    * estar siendo + Participio = be in process of + Nombre.
    * evitar ser afectado = escape + unaffected.
    * fue durante mucho tiempo = long remained.
    * haber sido aceptado = be here to stay, have come + to stay.
    * haber sido comprobado exhaustivamente = be thoroughly tested.
    * la razón de ser = the reason for being.
    * la verdad sea dicha = to tell the truth.
    * llegar a ser = become, develop into.
    * llegar a ser conocido como = become + known as.
    * lo que es aun peor = worse still.
    * lo que es peor = what's worse.
    * lo que haya que de ser, será = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.
    * lo que + ser = what + be like.
    * lo que tenga que ser, será = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.
    * merecer ser mencionado = deserve + mention.
    * no ser aconsejable = be undesirable.
    * no ser + Adjetivo + Infinitivo = be less than + Adjetivo + Infinitivo.
    * no ser así ya = be no longer the case.
    * no ser bien visto = be in the doghouse.
    * no ser cobarde = be no chicken.
    * no ser consciente de = remain + unaware of.
    * no ser deseable = be undesirable.
    * no + ser + de sorprender que = it + be + not surprising that.
    * no ser fácil = be no picnic, not be easy.
    * no ser gran cosa = not add up to much, add up to + nothing.
    * no ser lo suficientemente bueno = not be good enough.
    * no ser más que = be nothing more than, be nothing but.
    * no ser nada = add up to + nothing.
    * no ser nada fácil = be hard-pushed to.
    * no ser ningún jovencito = be no chicken.
    * no ser ni una cosa ni otra = fall between + two stools.
    * no ser sino = be nothing but.
    * no ser una gran pérdida = be no great loss.
    * no ser un lecho de rosas = be not all roses.
    * no ser verdad = be untrue.
    * no somos todos iguales = one size doesn't fit all.
    * no tener razón de ser + Infinitivo = there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.
    * para ser específico = to be specific.
    * para ser franco = in all honesty.
    * para ser sincero = to be honest, in all honesty.
    * pasar a ser = become, develop into.
    * por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.
    * por si fuera poco = to boot, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * posible de ser consultado por máquina = machine-viewable.
    * posible de ser visto en pantalla = displayable.
    * primer puesto + ser para = pride of place + go to.
    * puede muy bien ser = could well be.
    * puede muy bien ser que = it may well be that.
    * que fue = one-time.
    * que fue común antes = once-common.
    * que ha sido abordado con preguntas = accost.
    * que puede ser apilado = stacking.
    * razón de ser = point, raison d'etre, rationale, sense of purpose.
    * ser reconocido = gain + recognition.
    * resultar ser = prove + to be, turn out to be, happen + to be.
    * sea como sea = be that as it may, at all costs, at any cost, at any price, come hell or high water.
    * sea cual fuere = any... whatsoever, any... whatsoever.
    * sea cual fuese = any... whatsoever, any... whatsoever.
    * sea cual sea el criterio utilizado = by any standard(s).
    * sea lo que sea = whatever it is, be that as it may, call it what you want.
    * seamos realistas = face it, let's face it.
    * sean cuales sean = whatever they may be.
    * sentido del ser humano = human sense.
    * ser accesible a través de = be available through.
    * ser aceptado = take + hold, gain + acceptance, take off.
    * ser acertado = be spot on.
    * ser aconsejable = be welcome, be better served by, be in order.
    * ser acorde con = be commensurate with.
    * ser acuciante = be acute.
    * ser acusado de delito criminal = face + criminal charge.
    * ser adecuado = be right, stand up, fit + the bill.
    * ser + Adjetivo = get + Adjetivo.
    * ser + Adjetivo + para = have + a + Adjetivo + effect on.
    * ser afectado por = have + a high stake in.
    * ser aficionado a = be fond of.
    * ser afortunado = be lucky, strike + lucky.
    * ser agradable de oír = be good to hear.
    * ser agradable + Verbo = be neat to + Verbo.
    * ser algo bien conocido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.
    * ser algo bueno = be a good thing.
    * ser algo completamente distinto = be nothing of the sort.
    * ser algo común = be a fact of life, dominate + the scene, be a common occurrence, become + a common feature, be a part of life.
    * ser Algo demasiado difícil para = be in over + Posesivo + head, be out of + Posesivo + depth.
    * ser algo excepcional = be the exception rather than the rule, be in a league of its own.
    * ser algo fácil = be a cinch, be a doddle, be a breeze, be a picnic, be duck soup.
    * ser algo facilísimo = be a cinch, be a doddle, be a breeze, be a picnic, be duck soup.
    * ser algo habitual = become + a common feature, be a fact of life.
    * ser Algo imponente = loom + large.
    * ser algo inevitable = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.
    * ser algo más profundo que = go + deeper than.
    * ser algo más serio que = go + deeper than.
    * ser algo (muy) bien sabido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.
    * ser algo muy claro = be a dead giveaway.
    * ser algo muy fácil de conseguir = be there for the taking.
    * ser Algo muy importante = loom + large.
    * ser algo muy obvio = be a dead giveaway.
    * ser algo muy poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo muy raro = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo muy revelador = be a giveaway.
    * ser algo natural para = be second nature to + Pronombre, come + naturally to.
    * ser algo normal = be a fact of life, become + a common feature, be a part of life.
    * ser algo permanente = be here to stay.
    * ser algo poco común = be the exception rather than the rule.
    * ser algo poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.
    * ser algo poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.
    * ser algo por lo que = be a matter for/of.
    * ser algo por ver = be an open question.
    * ser algo que no ocurre con frecuencia = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo seguro = be a cinch, be a doddle, be a breeze, be a picnic, be duck soup.
    * ser algo útil para = be something in the hand for.
    * ser amado = loved-one.
    * ser amigo de = be buddies with.
    * ser analizado como una frase = be phrase parsed.
    * ser apreciado = receive + appreciation.
    * ser apropiado = be right.
    * ser aproximadamente + Número = be around + Número, be about + Número.
    * ser arrestado = be under arrest.
    * ser asequible = be available, become + available.
    * ser asequible a = be amenable to.
    * ser así = be the case (with), be just like that.
    * ser atacado = be under attack, come under + fire, be under assault.
    * ser atractivo = look + attractive, be popular in appeal.
    * ser atrevido = make + a bold statement.
    * ser atribuible a = be attributable to.
    * ser aun más = be all the more.
    * ser autosuficiente = stand on + Posesivo + own, self-serve.
    * ser autosuficiente económicamente = pay + Posesivo + own way.
    * ser avaricioso = have + Posesivo + cake and eat it.
    * ser bienvenido = be most welcome, make + welcome, be welcome.
    * ser bonito + Verbo = be neat to + Verbo.
    * ser buenísimo + Gerundio = be terrific at + Gerundio.
    * ser bueno = make + good + Nombre.
    * ser bueno en = be good at.
    * ser bueno para Alguien = be to + Posesivo + advantage.
    * ser cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.
    * ser capaz de = be capable of.
    * ser capaz de hacer cualquier cosa por = go to + any lengths to, go to + great lengths to.
    * ser característico de = be emblematic of.
    * ser carísimo = cost + be prohibitive.
    * ser caro = be steep.
    * ser casi seguro = be a good bet.
    * ser chiquito pero matón = punch above + Posesivo + weight.
    * ser chulo = be cool.
    * ser clavado a = be a dead ringer for.
    * ser cliente de una tienda = patronise + shop.
    * ser coherente = cohere.
    * ser como el día y la noche = different as night and day.
    * ser como hablar con la pared = be like talking to a brick wall.
    * ser como mínimo = be no less than.
    * ser como una esfera = wrap around.
    * ser como un círculo = wrap around.
    * ser como un libro abierto = be an open book.
    * ser complementario el uno del otro = be integral one to another.
    * ser complementarios = be integral one to another.
    * ser completamente diferente = be in a different league.
    * ser completo = be all inclusive.
    * ser común = be the case (with).
    * ser condenado a prisión = receive + prison sentence.
    * ser confuso = be deceiving.
    * ser conocido por = famously, have + a track record of.
    * ser conocido por todos = be out in the open.
    * ser consciente = sentient being.
    * ser consciente de = be alive to, be aware of, be cognisant of, be mindful of/that, become + cognisant of, be aware of, realise [realize, -USA].
    * ser consciente de + Posesivo + valía = be alive to + Posesivo + worth.
    * ser consciente + desafortunadamente = be painfully aware of.
    * ser contradictorio de = run + contrary to.
    * ser contraproducente = defeat + Posesivo + purpose, blowback.
    * ser contrario a = be contrary to, be hostile to.
    * ser conveniente + Infinitivo = be as well + Infinitivo, be well + Infinitivo.
    * ser correcto = be all right, be correct, be right.
    * ser cortés con = be civil towards.
    * ser costumbre = be customary.
    * ser creativo = be inventive.
    * ser creíble = invoke + belief.
    * ser criticado = be subjected to + criticism, be (the) subject of/to criticism, take + heat, come under + fire.
    * ser crucial (para) = be central (to).
    * ser cuestión de = come down to.
    * ser culpable = be to blame.
    * ser culpable (por/de) = be at fault (for/to).
    * ser dado a = be amenable to, be apt to, be given to.
    * ser de = be a native of.
    * ser de alto nivel = be at a high level.
    * ser de armas tomar = be a (real) handful.
    * ser de ayuda = be of assistance.
    * ser debatible = be a moot point, be open to question, be open to debate, be at issue.
    * ser de calidad = be up to snuff, be up to scratch.
    * ser decisión de + Nombre = be down to + Nombre.
    * ser de contenido + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in content.
    * ser de crecimiento rápido = be a quick grower.
    * ser de difícil acceso = tuck away.
    * ser de dominio público = be public domain.
    * ser deficiente = be wanting.
    * ser definitivo = be final.
    * ser de gran ayuda para = be a boon to.
    * ser de gran beneficio para = be of great benefit to.
    * ser de importancia primordial = be of key importance.
    * ser de importancia vital = lie at + the heart of.
    * ser de interés para = be of interest (to/for).
    * ser dejado en la obligación de Uno = be derelict in + duty.
    * ser de la izquierda = be of the left.
    * ser de la noche = night creature.
    * ser de la opinión de que = be of the opinion that, be of the view that.
    * ser del gusto de Uno = be to + Posesivo + taste.
    * ser del orden de + Número = be of the order of + Número.
    * ser de los que piensan que = subscribe to + view.
    * ser demasiado = be over-provided, be a mouthful.
    * ser demasiado + Adjetivo = be too + Adjetivo + by half.
    * ser demasiado complaciente = lean over + too far backwards.
    * ser demasiado común = be all too common.
    * ser demasiado para = be too much for, be too much for.
    * ser demasiado precavido = err + on the side of caution.
    * ser demasiado preciso = put + too fine a point on, split + hairs.
    * ser demasiado quisquilloso = put + too fine a point on, split + hairs.
    * ser demasiado tarde para echar atrás = reach + the point of no return.
    * ser de mucho uso = take + Nombre + a long way.
    * ser de número limitado = be limited in number.
    * ser de origen + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in origin.
    * ser de poco valor = be of little use, be of little value.
    * ser de primera categoría = be top notch.
    * ser de raza negra o de piel morena = be coloured.
    * ser de sabios = be a point of wisdom.
    * ser desacertado = miss + the mark, miss + the point.
    * ser desastroso = spell + bad news, be a shambles, be (in) a mess.
    * ser desconocido para = be alien to.
    * ser descorazonador = be dispiriting.
    * ser desoído = be unheeded.
    * ser despiadado = play + hardball.
    * ser detenido = be under arrest.
    * ser de un solo uso = be a one-trip pony.
    * ser de un tipo diferente = be different in kind, differ in + kind (from).
    * ser de un valor especial = be of particular value.
    * ser de uso general = be in general use, be generally available.
    * ser de utilidad = be of use.
    * ser de utilidad a = be of service to.
    * ser diestro en = be skilled at.
    * ser difícil = be a stretch.
    * ser difícil de bregar = be a (real) handful.
    * ser difícil de conseguir = be hard to get.
    * ser difícil de creer = beggar + belief.
    * ser difícil de encontrar = be hard to find.
    * ser difícil de lograr = be hard to get.
    * ser difícil de superar = take + some beating.
    * ser digno de = merit.
    * ser digno de admiración = deserve + admiration.
    * ser digno de crítica = merit + a critical eye.
    * ser digno de + Infinitivo = be worth + Gerundio.
    * ser diplomático = say + the right thing.
    * ser discutible = be open to question, be open to debate, be at issue.
    * ser dogmático = be dogmatic.
    * ser dos mundos completamente distintos = be poles apart.
    * ser dudoso = be doubtful.
    * ser duro = play + hardball.
    * ser eficaz para + Infinitivo = be efficient at + Gerundio.
    * ser el acabóse = take + the biscuit, take + the cake, be the limit.
    * ser el alma de = be the life of, be the life and soul of.
    * ser el asunto = be the point.
    * ser el beneficiario de = be on the receiving end of.
    * ser el blanco de = be a pushover for.
    * ser el blanco de las críticas = come under + fire.
    * ser el canalizador de = be the conduit for.
    * ser el capitán = skipper, captain.
    * ser el caso (de) = be the case (with).
    * ser el centro de atención = steal + the limelight, steal + the show, cut + a dash.
    * ser el centro de todas las miradas = cut + a dash.
    * ser el colmo = be the last straw, bring + the situation to a head, take + the biscuit, take + the cake, be the limit.
    * ser el contrincante más débil = punch above + Posesivo + weight.
    * ser el culo del mundo = be the pits.
    * ser elegido = get in.
    * ser elevado = be steep.
    * ser el éxito de la fiesta = steal + the limelight, steal + the show.
    * ser el fin de = sign + a death warrant (for).
    * ser el jefe = be in charge, call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.
    * ser el límite = be the limit.
    * ser el mandamás = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.
    * ser el más afectado por = bear + the brunt of.
    * ser el máximo = be the limit.
    * ser el momento clave = mark + the watershed.
    * ser el momento (de) = be the time to.
    * ser el momento decisivo = mark + the watershed.
    * ser el momento de/para = it + be + time to/for.
    * ser el objetivo de Uno = be in business for.
    * ser el orgullo de = be the pride and joy of.
    * ser el origen de = provide + the material for.
    * ser el paraje natural de = be home to.
    * ser el preludio = usher in.
    * ser el primero = be second to none, come out on + top.
    * ser el primero en = lead + the way in.
    * ser el primero en + Infinitivo = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * ser el punto de partida de = form + the basis of.
    * ser el punto más débil de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * ser el punto más flaco de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * ser el que con mayor frecuencia = be (the) most likely to.
    * ser el que con menor frecuencia = be (the) least likely to.
    * ser el resultado de = follow from, result from.
    * ser el segundo de a bordo = play + second fiddle.
    * ser el último grito = be all the rage.
    * ser el último mono ser el último mono = feel + pulled and tugged.
    * ser emblemático de = be emblematic of.
    * ser en balde = be of no avail, be to no avail.
    * ser en cierto modo un + Nombre = be something of a + Nombre.
    * ser en vano = be of no avail, be to no avail.
    * ser enviado a = have + the lead to.
    * ser equiparable a = be commensurate with.
    * ser erróneo = be wide of the mark, be wrong.
    * ser escaso = be few and far between, be in short supply.
    * ser esclavo de = be slave to.
    * ser estupendo = sound + great, be fine and dandy.
    * ser estúpido = be off + Posesivo + rocker.
    * ser exigente al elegir = pick and choose.
    * ser exigente al escoger = pick and choose.
    * ser experto en = be skilled at.
    * ser expulsado de = be dropped from.
    * ser extraño para = be alien to.
    * ser extremadamente + Adjetivo = be too + Adjetivo + by half.
    * ser fácil = be easy.
    * ser fácil de conseguir = be readily available.
    * ser facilísimo = be a snap, be a piece of cake.
    * ser factible de = be amenable to.
    * ser familiar = strike + familiar chords, ring + a bell.
    * ser famoso = gain + recognition, be popular.
    * ser famoso por = famously, have + a track record of.
    * ser favorable = be a plus.
    * ser ficticio = be fiction.
    * ser fiel a = cleave to.
    * ser fructífero = come to + fruition.
    * ser goloso = have + a sweet tooth.
    * ser grosero con = be abusive of.
    * ser hábil para = be adroit at.
    * ser habitual = be customary.
    * ser harina de otro costal = be a different kettle of fish.
    * ser hipertenso = be hyper.
    * ser hora de = it + be + time to/for.
    * ser hora de definirse = time to climb off the fence.
    * ser hora de irse = be time to go.
    * ser hora de marcharse = be time to go.
    * ser hora ya de que = be about time (that), be high time (that/to/for).
    * ser humilde = hide + Posesivo + light under a bushel.
    * sería mejor que + Subjuntivo = better + Infinitivo.
    * ser ideal = suit + best, be just the thing, be just the ticket, be just the job.
    * ser ideal para Uno = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley, be + Posesivo + cup of tea.
    * ser idóneo para = be suited to.
    * ser ignorado = be unheeded.
    * ser igual a = be equivalent to, equal.
    * ser igual que = amount to + the same thing as.
    * ser ilegal = be against the law.
    * ser ilimitado = be boundless.
    * ser implacable = play + hardball.
    * ser imponente = be awe-inspiring.
    * ser importante = be of importance, make + a difference, be of consequence.
    * ser importantísimo = make + all the difference in the world, make + difference in the world.
    * ser importantísimo (para) = be central (to).
    * ser imposible = be dead meat.
    * ser imprescindible = be a must.
    * ser improcedente = be out of order.
    * ser imprudente = be reckless.
    * ser inalterable = set in + stone, set in + tablets of stone.
    * ser incapaz de = be unable to.
    * ser incoherente = Negativo + hold + water.
    * ser incompatible (con) = be irreconcilable (with).
    * ser inconsistente = Negativo + hold + water.
    * ser increíble = beggar + belief.
    * ser independiente = go + Posesivo + own way, stew in + Posesivo + own juice, stand on + Posesivo + own (two) feet.
    * ser indescriptible = beggar + description.
    * ser indispensable = be a must.
    * ser ineficaz = fire + blanks.
    * ser infundado = be unfounded.
    * ser inherente a = inhere in.
    * ser inimaginable = beggar + imagination.
    * ser inminente = be on the cards.
    * ser inmune a = be immune from, be immune against.
    * ser innovador = break + new ground, break + ground.
    * ser innumerable = be without number, be legion.
    * ser innumerables = run into + the thousands.
    * ser insignificante = pale into + insignificance, stick + Algo + on a pin-point, be of no consequence.
    * ser insignificante de = be slight in.
    * ser inteligente = be talented.
    * ser interesante = be of interest (to/for).
    * ser interesante + Infinitivo = be as well + Infinitivo, be well + Infinitivo.
    * ser interesante + Verbo = be neat to + Verbo.
    * ser interminable = there + be + no end to.
    * ser intransigente = play + hardball.
    * ser inútil = fire + blanks.
    * ser irrespetuoso con = disrespect, diss.
    * ser justo = play + fair.
    * ser justo con todos = give the devil his due.
    * ser justo hasta con el diablo = give the devil his due.
    * ser justo lo que se necesita = be just the thing, be just the ticket, be just the job.
    * ser justo lo que Uno necesita = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley.
    * ser justo que = there + be + justice in.
    * ser juzgado = stand + trial, stand for + trial.
    * ser la abreviatura de = be short for.
    * ser la base de = be at the core of, form + the basis of, be at the heart of.
    * ser la ciudad de = be home to.
    * ser la clave de = hold + the key to.
    * ser la comidilla del barrio = be the talk of the town.
    * ser la comidilla del pueblo = be the talk of the town.
    * ser la consecuencia de = follow from, result from.
    * ser la costumbre = be customary.
    * ser la cuestión = be the point.
    * ser la culminación de Algo = represent + the culmination of, mark + the culmination of.
    * ser la culpa de = be the fault of.
    * ser la debilidad de Alguien = be a sucker for.
    * ser la elección lógica = be a/the natural choice.
    * ser la elección natural = be a/the natural choice.
    * ser la excepción = be the exception.
    * ser la excepción a la regla = constitute + the exception to the rule.
    * ser la excepción que confirma la regla = be the exception rather than the rule.
    * ser la forma abreviada de = be short for.
    * ser la forma de = be a recipe for.
    * ser la fórmula para = be a recipe for.
    * ser la gota que colma el vaso = bring + the situation to a head.
    * ser la idea central de = be at the core of, be at the heart of.
    * ser la imagen de = be a picture of.
    * ser la intención = be the intention.
    * ser la intención de uno = be + Posesivo + intention.
    * ser la manera de = be a recipe for.
    * ser la materia prima de = be grist to + Posesivo + mill.
    * ser la mayoría = be in the majority.
    * ser la mejor alternativa = be the best bet.
    * ser la mejor manera de = be the conduit for.
    * ser lamentable = be a pity.
    * ser la minoría = be in the minority.
    * ser la norma = be the norm, be the rule, become + the norm.
    * ser la novedad = be on the scene.
    * ser la obra de = be the work of.
    * ser la persona ideal para = be the best placed to.
    * ser la persona más indicada para = be in a position to.
    * ser la propia responsabilidad de Alguien = be of + Posesivo + own making.
    * ser la prueba de fuego de Algo = test + Nombre + to the limit.
    * ser la punta de lanza de = spearhead.
    * ser la razón de = lie at + the root of.
    * ser la representación misma de = be a picture of.
    * ser la responsabilidad de = be the responsibility of.
    * ser la responsabilidad de Alguien + Infinitivo = it + lie with + Nombre/Pronombre + to + Infinitivo.
    * ser la última palabra = be all the rage.
    * ser la última persona del mundo que + Infinitivo = be one of the last people in the world to + Infinitivo.
    * ser lector de una biblioteca = library membership.
    * ser lento = be slow off the mark, be slow off the blocks.
    * ser líder en = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * ser lo de Uno = be cut out for, be (right) up + Posesivo + alley.
    * ser lo más parecido a = be as close as we come to.
    * ser lo mismo = be one and the same.
    * ser lo normal = be the order of the day.
    * ser lo principal de = be at the core of, be at the heart of.
    * ser lo que a Uno le encanta = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley.
    * ser lo que a Uno le gusta = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley, be + Posesivo + cup of tea.
    * ser lo que a Uno le interesa = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley, be + Posesivo + cup of tea.
    * ser lo que a Uno le va = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley.
    * ser lo que a Uno más le gusta = be + Posesivo + big scene.
    * ser lo que nos espera = be the shape of things to come.
    * ser lo suficientemente + Adjetivo + como para = be + Adjetivo + enough to.
    * ser lo suficientemente comprensivo = go + far enough.
    * ser lo suficientemente conocido como para que = be sufficiently well known for.
    * serlo todo para todos = be all things to all men, be all things to all people.
    * ser lo último = be all the rage, be the pits.
    * ser lo último en = become + the next stop in.
    * ser lo último en lo que + pensar = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.
    * ser lo último que + ocurrir + a Alguien = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.
    * ser magnífico + Gerundio = be terrific at + Gerundio.
    * ser malo = be a joke, spell + bad news, make + poor + Nombre.
    * ser maravilloso = sound + great.
    * ser más astuto que = outfox, outwit, outsmart.
    * ser más interno = inner being.
    * ser más un + Nombre = be more of a + Nombre.
    * ser mayor = be older.
    * ser mejor en = be better at.
    * ser mejor que = be superior to, compare + favourably.
    * ser mejor que + Subjuntivo = better + Infinitivo.
    * ser menor = be less.
    * ser menos + Adjetivo = be less of a(n) + Nombre.
    * ser mínimo = be at a minimum.
    * ser mirado de forma extraña = get + some funny looks.
    * ser modesto = hide + Posesivo + light under a bushel.
    * ser molesto = be disturbing.
    * ser moroso = be in default.
    * ser motivador = be motivating.
    * ser motivo de preocupación = loom + large.
    * ser mucho = be a mouthful.
    * ser mucho más = be all the more.
    * ser mucho más que = be far more than.
    * ser muy aconsejable que = be well advised to.
    * ser muy alto = be metres high.
    * ser muy amigo de = be pally with.
    * ser muy antiguo = go ba

    * * *
    /ser/
    = Sociedad Española de Radiodifusión
    * * *

     

    ser ( conjugate ser) cópula
    1 ( seguido de adjetivos) to be
    ◊ ser expresses identity or nature as opposed to condition or state, which is normally conveyed by estar. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in estar 1 cópula 1 es bajo/muy callado he's short/very quiet;

    es sorda de nacimiento she was born deaf;
    es inglés/católico he's English/(a) Catholic;
    era cierto it was true;
    sé bueno, estate quieto be a good boy and keep still;
    que seas muy feliz I hope you'll be very happy;

    (+ me/te/le etc)

    ver tb imposible, difícil etc
    2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be;

    es viuda she's a widow;
    ver tb estar 1 cópula 2
    3 (seguido de nombre, pronombre) to be;

    ábreme, soy yo open the door, it's me
    4 (con predicado introducido por `de'):

    soy de Córdoba I'm from Cordoba;
    es de los vecinos it belongs to the neighbors, it's the neighbors';
    no soy de aquí I'm not from around here
    5 (hipótesis, futuro):

    ¿será cierto? can it be true?
    verbo intransitivo
    1

    b) (liter) ( en cuentos):

    ◊ érase una vez … once upon a time there was …

    2
    a) (tener lugar, ocurrir):


    ¿dónde fue el accidente? where did the accident happen?

    ◊ ¿qué habrá sido de él? I wonder what happened to o what became of him;

    ¿qué es de Marisa? (fam) what's Marisa up to (these days)? (colloq);
    ¿qué va a ser de nosotros? what will become of us?
    3 ( sumar):
    ◊ ¿cuánto es (todo)? how much is that (altogether)?;

    son 3.000 pesos that'll be o that's 3,000 pesos;
    somos diez en total there are ten of us altogether
    4 (indicando finalidad, adecuación) ser para algo to be for sth;

    ( en locs)
    ◊ a no ser que (+ subj) unless;

    ¿cómo es eso? why is that?, how come? (colloq);
    como/cuando/donde sea: tengo que conseguir ese trabajo como sea I have to get that job no matter what;
    hazlo como sea, pero hazlo do it any way o however you want but get it done;
    el lunes o cuando sea next Monday or whenever;
    puedo dormir en el sillón o donde sea I can sleep in the armchair or wherever you like o anywhere you like;
    de ser así (frml) should this be so o the case (frml);
    ¡eso es! that's it!, that's right!;
    es que …: ¿es que no lo saben? do you mean to say they don't know?;
    es que no sé nadar the thing is I can't swim;
    lo que sea: cómete una manzana, o lo que sea have an apple or something;
    estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea I'm prepared to do whatever it takes;
    o sea: en febrero, o sea hace un mes in February, that is to say a month ago;
    o sea que no te interesa in other words, you're not interested;
    o sea que nunca lo descubriste so you never found out;
    (ya) sea …, (ya) sea … either …, or …;
    sea como sea at all costs;
    sea cuando sea whenever it is;
    sea donde sea no matter where;
    sea quien sea whoever it is;
    si no fuera/hubiera sido por … if it wasn't o weren't/hadn't been for …
    ( en el tiempo) to be;
    ◊ ¿qué fecha es hoy? what's the date today?, what's today's date;

    serían las cuatro cuando llegó it must have been (about) four (o'clock) when she arrived;
    ver tb v impers
    ser v impers to be;

    ser v aux ( en la voz pasiva) to be;
    fue construido en 1900 it was built in 1900
    ■ sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) ( ente) being;

    ◊ ser humano/vivo human/living being

    b) (individuo, persona):


    2 ( naturaleza):

    ser
    I sustantivo masculino
    1 being: es un ser despreciable, he's despicable
    ser humano, human being
    ser vivo, living being
    2 (esencia) essence: eso forma parte de su ser, that is part of him
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (cualidad) to be: eres muy modesto, you are very modest
    2 (fecha) to be: hoy es lunes, today is Monday
    ya es la una, it's one o'clock
    3 (cantidad) eran unos cincuenta, there were about fifty people
    (al pagar) ¿cuánto es?, how much is it?
    son doscientas, it is two hundred pesetas
    Mat dos y tres son cinco, two and three make five
    4 (causa) aquella mujer fue su ruina, that woman was his ruin
    5 (oficio) to be a(n): Elvira es enfermera, Elvira is a nurse
    6 (pertenencia) esto es mío, that's mine
    es de Pedro, it is Pedro's
    7 (afiliación) to belong: es del partido, he's a member of the party
    es un chico del curso superior, he is a boy from the higher year
    8 (origen) es de Málaga, she is from Málaga
    ¿de dónde es esta fruta? where does this fruit come from?
    9 (composición, material) to be made of: este jersey no es de lana, this sweater is not (made of) wool
    10 ser de, (afinidad, comparación) lo que hizo fue de tontos, what she did was a foolish thing
    11 (existir) Madrid ya no es lo que era, Madrid isn't what it used to be
    12 (suceder) ¿qué fue de ella?, what became of her?
    13 (tener lugar) to be: esta tarde es el entierro, the funeral is this evening 14 ser para, (finalidad) to be for: es para pelar patatas, it's for peeling potatoes
    (adecuación, aptitud) no es una película para niños, the film is not suitable for children
    esta vida no es para ti, this kind of life is not for you
    15 (efecto) era para llorar, it was painful
    es (como) para darle una bofetada, it makes me want to slap his face
    no es para tomárselo a broma, it is no joke
    16 (auxiliar en pasiva) to be: fuimos rescatados por la patrulla de la Cruz Roja, we were rescued by the Red Cross patrol
    17 ser de (+ infinitivo) era de esperar que se marchase, it was to be expected that she would leave
    ♦ Locuciones: a no ser que, unless
    como sea, anyhow
    de no ser por..., had it not been for
    es más, furthermore
    es que..., it's just that...
    lo que sea, whatever
    o sea, that is (to say)
    sea como sea, in any case o be that as it may
    ser de lo que no hay, to be the limit
    ' ser' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - acceder
    - además
    - aficionada
    - aficionado
    - alardear
    - alcanzar
    - alimentar
    - alta
    - alto
    - ambicionar
    - antigüedad
    - aparición
    - arma
    - atinar
    - atorarse
    - aúpa
    - babear
    - básica
    - básico
    - bendición
    - caber
    - cacho
    - cada
    - cafetera
    - cafetero
    - calco
    - callo
    - canela
    - cansada
    - cansado
    - cantar
    - capaz
    - capirote
    - carácter
    - cardo
    - carne
    - carné
    - caso
    - cero
    - colarse
    - comida
    - comidilla
    - comido
    - conmigo
    - conquistador
    - conquistadora
    - contagiarse
    - contemplar
    - contienda
    English:
    accountable
    - addicted
    - adjust
    - allow
    - allowance
    - ambition
    - amount to
    - anathema
    - anomaly
    - arduous
    - around
    - aspire
    - aware
    - bad
    - be
    - beating
    - being
    - belong
    - betray
    - big
    - bill
    - bind over
    - bird
    - booby trap
    - boring
    - bounce
    - can
    - carry
    - catch up
    - cerebral
    - ceremonial
    - ceremony
    - charm
    - chip
    - claim
    - come into
    - come under
    - connoisseur
    - court
    - degree
    - deserve
    - destroy
    - differ
    - do
    - dodger
    - doubly
    - due
    - ear
    - easy
    - edit
    * * *
    ser The auxiliary verb ser is used with the past participle of a verb to form the passive (e.g. la película fue criticada the movie was criticized).
    ♦ v aux
    [para formar la voz pasiva] to be;
    fue visto por un testigo he was seen by a witness;
    la propuesta es debatida o [m5] está siendo debatida en el parlamento the proposal is being debated in parliament
    ♦ v copulativo
    1. [con adjetivos, sustantivos, pronombres] [indica cualidad, identidad, condición] to be;
    es alto/gracioso he's tall/funny;
    soy chileno/chiapaneco I'm Chilean/from Chiapas;
    es azul/difícil it's blue/difficult;
    sé discreta/paciente be discreet/patient;
    es un amigo/el dueño he's a friend/the owner;
    son unos amigos míos they're friends of mine;
    es el cartero/tu madre it's the postman o US mailman/your mother;
    soy yo, ábreme open up, it's me;
    soy Víctor [al teléfono] it's Víctor;
    la casa es aquella de ahí the house is that one over there;
    es un tipo muy simpático he's a very nice guy;
    ¿es eso verdad? is that true?;
    eso no es cierto that isn't true;
    es obvio que le gustas it's obvious that he likes you;
    no es necesario ir it isn't necessary to go;
    es posible que llueva it may rain;
    no está mal para ser de segunda mano it's not bad considering it's second-hand;
    no pierde sus derechos por ser inmigrante just because he's an immigrant doesn't mean he doesn't have any rights;
    te lo dejo en la mitad por ser tú seeing as o because it's you, I'll let you have it half-price;
    por ser usted, señora, 15 euros to you, madam, 15 euros;
    que seas muy feliz I wish you every happiness, I hope you'll be very happy;
    ¡será imbécil el tipo! the guy must be stupid!;
    este restaurante ya no es lo que era this restaurant isn't as good as it used to be o isn't what it used to be;
    RP Fam
    ser loco por algo to be wild about sth
    2. [con sustantivos, adjetivos] [indica empleo, dedicación, estado civil, religión] to be;
    soy abogado/actriz I'm a lawyer/an actress;
    son estudiantes they're students;
    para ser juez hay que trabajar mucho you have to work very hard to be o become a judge;
    es padre de tres hijos he's a father of three;
    es soltero/casado/divorciado he's single/married/divorced;
    era viuda she was a widow;
    son budistas/protestantes they are Buddhists/Protestants;
    el que fuera gobernador del estado the former governor of the state;
    Am Fam
    ¿tú eres o te haces? are you stupid or what?;
    RP Fam
    ¿vos sos o te hacés? are you stupid or what?
    3. [con "de"] [indica material, origen, propiedad]
    ser de [estar hecho de] to be made of;
    [provenir de] to be from; [pertenecer a] to belong to;
    un juguete que es todo de madera a completely wooden toy, a toy made completely of wood;
    ¿de dónde eres? where are you from?;
    estas pilas son de una linterna these batteries are from a torch;
    ¿es de usted este abrigo? is this coat yours?, does this coat belong to you?;
    los juguetes son de mi hijo the toys are my son's;
    portarse así es de cobardes only cowards behave like that, it's cowardly to behave like that
    4. [con "de"] [indica pertenencia a grupo]
    ser de [club, asociación, partido] to be a member of;
    ¿de qué equipo eres? [aficionado] which team o who do you support?;
    soy del Barcelona I support Barcelona;
    ser de los que… to be one of those people who…;
    ése es de los que están en huelga he is one of those on strike;
    no es de las que se asustan por cualquier cosa she's not one to get scared easily
    ♦ vi
    1. [ocurrir, tener lugar] to be;
    fue aquí it was here;
    ¿cuándo es la boda? when's the wedding?;
    la final era ayer the final was yesterday;
    ¿cómo fue lo de tu accidente? how did your accident happen?;
    ¿qué fue de aquel amigo tuyo? what happened to that friend of yours?;
    ¿qué es de Pablo? how's Pablo (getting on)?
    2. [constituir, consistir en] to be;
    fue un acierto que nos quedáramos en casa we were right to stay at home;
    lo importante es decidirse the important thing is to reach a decision;
    su ambición era dar la vuelta al mundo her ambition was to travel round the world;
    tratar así de mal a la gente es buscarse problemas treating people so badly is asking for trouble
    3. [con fechas, horas] to be;
    ¿qué (día) es hoy? what day is it today?, what's today?;
    hoy es jueves today's Thursday, it's Thursday today;
    ¿qué (fecha) es hoy? what's the date today?, what date is it today?;
    mañana será 15 de julio tomorrow (it) will be 15 July;
    ¿qué hora es? what time is it?, what's the time?;
    son las tres (de la tarde) it's three o'clock (in the afternoon), it's three (pm);
    serán o [m5] deben de ser las tres it must be three (o'clock)
    4. [con precios] to be;
    ¿cuánto es? how much is it?;
    son 300 pesos that'll be 300 pesos;
    ¿a cómo son esos tomates? how much are those tomatoes?
    5. [con cifras, en operaciones] to be;
    ellos eran unos 500 there were about 500 of them;
    11 por 100 son 1.100 11 times 100 is 1,100
    6. [servir, ser adecuado]
    ser para to be for;
    este trapo es para (limpiar) las ventanas this cloth is for (cleaning) the windows;
    este libro es para niños this book is for children;
    la ciudad no es para mí the city isn't for me
    7. [con "de" más infinitivo] [indica necesidad, posibilidad]
    es de desear que… it is to be hoped that…;
    era de esperar que pasara algo así it was to be expected that something like that would happen;
    es de suponer que aparecerá presumably, he'll turn up;
    es de temer cuando se enoja she's really scary when she gets angry
    8. [para recalcar, poner énfasis]
    ése es el que me lo contó he's the one who told me;
    lo que es a mí, no me llamaron they certainly didn't call me, they didn't call me, anyway;
    ¿es que ya no te acuerdas? don't you remember any more, then?, you mean you don't remember any more?
    9. [indica excusa, motivo]
    es que no me hacen caso but o the thing is they don't listen to me;
    es que no vine porque estaba enfermo the reason I didn't come is that I was ill, I didn't come because I was ill, you see;
    ¿cómo es que no te han avisado? how come they didn't tell you?
    10. Literario [existir]
    Platón, uno de los grandes sabios que en el mundo han sido Plato, one of the wisest men ever to walk this earth
    11. [en frases]
    a no ser que venga unless she comes;
    tengo que conseguirlo (sea) como sea I have to get it one way or another;
    hay que evitar (sea) como sea que se entere we have to prevent her from finding out at all costs o no matter what;
    hazlo cuando sea do it whenever;
    de no ser/haber sido por… if it weren't/hadn't been for…;
    de no ser por él no estaríamos vivos if it weren't for him, we wouldn't be alive;
    de no ser así otherwise;
    de ser así if that should happen;
    déjalo donde sea leave it anywhere o wherever;
    érase una vez, érase que se era once upon a time;
    dile lo que sea, da igual tell her anything o whatever, it doesn't make any difference;
    haré lo que sea para recuperar mi dinero I will do whatever it takes o anything to get my money back;
    se enfadó, y no era para menos she got angry, and not without reason;
    no sea que…, no vaya a ser que… in case…;
    la llamaré ahora no sea que luego me olvide I'll call her now in case I forget later;
    Estados Unidos y Japón, o sea, las dos economías mundiales más importantes the United States and Japan, that is to say o in other words, the two most important economies in the world;
    50 euros, o sea unas 8.300 pesetas 50 euros, that's about 8,300 pesetas;
    o sea que no quieres venir so you don't want to come then?;
    por si fuera poco as if that wasn't enough;
    habla con quien sea talk to anyone;
    sea quien sea no abras la puerta don't open the door, whoever it is;
    si no fuera/hubiera sido por… if it weren't/hadn't been for…;
    Am
    siendo que… seeing that o as…, given that…;
    Am
    siendo que tienes la plata, cómprate el vestido más caro seeing as o since you've got the money, buy yourself the more expensive dress
    ♦ v impersonal
    [indica tiempo] to be;
    es muy tarde it's rather late;
    era de noche/de día it was night/day
    ♦ nm
    1. [ente] being;
    seres de otro planeta beings from another planet
    ser humano human being;
    Ser Supremo Supreme Being;
    los seres vivos living things
    2. [persona] person;
    sus seres queridos his loved ones
    3. [existencia]
    mis padres me dieron el ser my parents gave me my life
    4. [esencia, naturaleza] being;
    la quiero con todo mi ser I love her with all my being o soul
    * * *
    f abr (= Sociedad Española de Radiodifusión) network of independent Spanish radio stations
    * * *
    ser {77} vi
    1) : to be
    él es mi hermano: he is my brother
    Camila es linda: Camila is pretty
    2) : to exist, to live
    ser, o no ser: to be or not to be
    3) : to take place, to occur
    el concierto es el domingo: the concert is on Sunday
    4) (used with expressions of time, date, season)
    son las diez: it's ten o'clock
    hoy es el 9: today's the 9th
    5) : to cost, to come to
    ¿cuánto es?: how much is it?
    6) (with the future tense) : to be able to be
    ¿será posible?: can it be possible?
    7)
    ser de : to come from
    somos de Managua: we're from Managua
    8)
    ser de : to belong to
    ese lápiz es de Juan: that's Juan's pencil
    9)
    es que : the thing is that
    es que no lo conozco: it's just that I don't know him
    ¡sea! : agreed!, all right!
    sea... sea : either... or
    la cuenta ha sido pagada: the bill has been paid
    él fue asesinado: he was murdered
    ser nm
    : being
    ser humano: human being
    * * *
    ser1 n (ente) being
    ser2 vb
    1. (en general) to be
    2. (estar hecho) to be made
    3. (pertenecer) to belong
    este libro es de María this book belongs to María / this book is María's

    Spanish-English dictionary > ser

  • 16 Halten

    n; -s, kein Pl.: zum Halten bringen stop, bring to a halt ( oder stop); Halten verboten! no stopping; da gab es kein Halten mehr there was no holding them etc. (back)
    * * *
    das Halten
    (Besitzen) keeping;
    (Festhalten) holding
    * * *
    hạl|ten ['haltn] pret hielt [hiːlt] ptp geha\#lten [gə'haltn]
    1. TRANSITIVES VERB
    1) = festhalten to hold

    jdm etw halten — to hold sth for sb

    jdm den Mantel halten — to hold sb's coat (for him/her)

    den Kopf/Bauch halten — to hold one's head/stomach

    2)

    = in eine bestimmte Position bringen etw gegen das Licht halten — to hold sth up to the light

    einen Fuß/einen Zeh ins Wasser halten — to put a foot/a toe in the water

    3)

    = tragen die drei Pfeiler halten die Brücke — the three piers support the bridge

    meinst du, der kleine Nagel hält das schwere Ölbild? — do you think this small nail will take the weight of the heavy oil painting?

    4) = zurückhalten, aufhalten to hold; (SPORT) to save

    die Wärme/Feuchtigkeit halten — to retain heat/moisture

    das ist ein toller Torwart, der hält jeden Ball! — he's a great goalkeeper, he makes great saves!

    ich konnte ihn/es gerade noch halten — I just managed to grab hold of him/it

    sie ist nicht zu halten (fig) — there's no holding her back

    es hält mich hier nichts mehr — there's nothing to keep me here any more

    es hält dich niemand — nobody's stopping you

    5) = behalten Festung, Rekord to hold; Position to hold (on to)
    6) = unterhalten, besitzen Chauffeur, Lehrer to employ; Haustier to keep; Auto to run

    eine Perserkatze/einen Hausfreund halten — to have a Persian cat/a live-in lover

    wir können uns kein Auto halten —

    (sich dat) eine Zeitung/Zeitschrift halten — to get a paper/magazine

    7) = einhalten, erfüllen to keep

    man muss halten, was man verspricht — a promise is a promise

    der Film hält nicht, was er/der Titel verspricht — the film doesn't live up to expectations/its title

    8) = beibehalten, aufrechterhalten Niveau to keep up, to maintain; Tempo, Disziplin, Temperatur to maintain; Kurs to keep to, to hold

    die These lässt sich nicht länger halten or ist nicht länger zu halten — this hypothesis is no longer tenable

    (mit jdm) Verbindung halten — to keep in touch( with sb)

    viel Sport hält jung/schlank — doing a lot of sport keeps you young/slim

    er hält sein Haus immer tadellos — he keeps his house immaculate

    wenn es neblig ist, sollten Sie den Abstand immer so groß wie möglich halten — if it's foggy you should always stay as far as possible from the car in front

    9) = behandeln to treat

    die Gefangenen werden in diesen Gefängnissen wie Tiere gehalten — the prisoners are treated like animals in these prisons

    er hält seine Kinder sehr streng — he's very strict with his children

    10)

    = handhaben, verfahren mit das kannst du (so) halten, wie du willst — that's entirely up to you

    er hält es nicht so sehr mit der Sauberkeit — he's not over-concerned about cleanliness

    es mehr or lieber mit jdm/etw halten — to prefer sb/sth

    11)

    = gestalten ein in Brauntönen gehaltener Raum — a room done in different shades of brown

    das Kleid ist in dunklen Tönen gehalten — it is a dark-coloured (Brit) or dark-colored (US) dress

    12) = veranstalten, abhalten Fest, Pressekonferenz to give; Rede to make; Gottesdienst, Zwiesprache to hold; Wache to keep

    Mittagsschlaf halten — to have an afternoon nap

    13) = einschätzen, denkendiams; jdn/etw für etw halten to think sb/sth sth

    etw für angebracht/schön halten — to think or consider sth appropriate/beautiful

    ich habe ihn ( irrtümlich) für seinen Bruder gehalten — I (mis)took him for his brother

    ich halte es für Unsinn, alles noch einmal abzuschreiben — I think it's silly to copy everything out againdiams; etw von jdm/etw halten to think sth of sb/sth

    nicht viel von jdm/etw halten — not to think much of sb/sth

    nicht viel vom Beten/Sparen halten — not to be a great one for praying/saving (inf)

    ich halte nichts davon, das zu tun — I'm not in favour (Brit) or favor (US) of (doing) thatdiams; etwas/viel auf etw (acc) halten to consider sth important/very important

    er hält etwas auf gute Manieren — he considers good manners important

    der Chef hält viel auf Pünktlichkeit — the boss attaches a lot of importance to punctuality

    14)
    See:
    2. INTRANSITIVES VERB
    1) = festhalten to hold; (= haften bleiben) to stick; (SPORT) to make a save

    kann der denn ( gut) halten? — is he a good goalkeeper?

    2) = bestehen bleiben, haltbar sein to last; (Konserven) to keep; (Wetter) to last, to hold; (Frisur, COMM Preise) to hold; (Stoff) to be hard-wearing

    der Waffenstillstand hält nun schon drei Wochen — the truce has now held for three weeks

    Rosen halten länger, wenn man ein Aspirin ins Wasser tut — roses last longer if you put an aspirin in the water

    dieser Stoff hält lange — this material is hard-wearing

    3) = stehen bleiben, anhalten to stop

    halt mal, stop! (hum) — hang on (inf) or hold on a minute!

    4) andere Redewendungendiams; auf etw (acc) halten (= zielen) to aim at sth; (= steuern) to head for sth; (= Wert legen auf) to attach importance to sth

    ich musste an mich halten, um nicht in schallendes Gelächter auszubrechen — I had to control myself so as not to burst into fits of laughter

    3. REFLEXIVES VERB
    1) diams; sich halten= sich festhalten to hold on (
    an +dat to)

    er konnte sich gerade noch an dem Griff halten, als der Zug mit einem scharfen Ruck anfuhr — he just managed to grab hold of the strap when the train suddenly jolted forward

    2) = eine bestimmte Körperhaltung haben to carry or hold oneself

    sich ( im Gleichgewicht) halten — to keep one's balance

    sich ( nach) links halten — to keep (to the) left

    sich an die Tatsachen/den Text halten — to keep or stick to the facts/text

    3) = sich nicht verändern Lebensmittel, Blumen to keep; (Wetter) to last, to hold; (Geruch, Rauch) to linger; (Preise) to hold; (Brauch, Sitte) to continue
    4) = seine Position behaupten to hold on; (in Kampf) to hold out

    das Geschäft kann sich in dieser Straße nicht halten — the shop can't continue to stay open in this streetdiams; sich gut halten (in Prüfung, Spiel etc) to do well

    5) = sich beherrschen to control oneself
    6)

    andere Wendungendiams; sich halten an (+acc) ich halte mich lieber an den Wein — I'd rather keep or stick to wine

    er hält sich für einen Spezialisten/für besonders klug — he thinks he's a specialist/very clever

    * * *
    1) (to (cause to) stop walking, marching, running etc: The driver halted the train; The train halted at the signals.) halt
    2) (to give: He delivered a long speech.) deliver
    3) ((of a car etc) to stop: We drew up outside their house.) draw up
    4) (to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands: He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail.) hold
    5) (to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc: He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers.) hold
    6) (to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc: What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle.) hold
    7) (to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain: I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm?) hold
    8) (to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition: We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect.) hold
    9) (to look after or care for: She keeps the garden beautifully; I think they keep hens.) keep
    10) (to act in the way demanded by: She kept her promise.) keep
    11) (to stand up to use: This material doesn't wear very well.) wear
    12) (having the body in a state of tension and readiness to act: The animal was poised ready to leap.) poised
    13) (to suppose or think (that something is the case): Do you take me for an idiot?) take
    * * *
    hal·ten
    [ˈhaltn̩]
    1.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ [jdm] jdn/etw \halten to hold sb/sth [for sb]
    du musst das Seil ganz fest \halten you must keep a tight grip on the rope
    hältst du bitte kurz meine Tasche? would you please hold my bag for a moment?
    jdn/etw im Arm \halten to hold sb/sth in one's arms
    jdn an [o bei] der Hand \halten to hold sb's hand [or sb by the hand]
    jdm den Mantel \halten to hold sb's coat [for him/her]
    2.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ jdn \halten to stop sb
    haltet den Dieb! stop the thief!
    es hält dich niemand nobody's stopping you
    wenn sie etwas von Sahnetorte hört, ist sie nicht mehr zu \halten if she hears cream gateau mentioned there's no holding her!
    3.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ jdn \halten to keep sb
    warum bleibst du noch bei dieser Firma, was hält dich noch da? why do you stay with the firm, what's keeping you there?
    mich hält hier nichts [mehr] there's nothing to keep me here [any more]
    4.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (in eine bestimmte Position bringen)
    ▪ etw irgendwohin/irgendwie \halten to put sth somewhere/in a certain position
    er hielt die Hand in die Höhe he put his hand up
    die Hand vor den Mund \halten to put one's hand in front of one's mouth
    etw gegen das Licht \halten to hold sth up to the light
    die Hand ins Wasser \halten to put one's hand into the water
    5.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ etw \halten to hold sth
    nur wenige Pfeiler \halten die alte Brücke just a few pillars support the old bridge
    ihre Haare wurden von einer Schleife nach hinten ge\halten her hair was held back by a ribbon
    das Regal wird von zwei Haken ge\halten the shelf is held up by two hooks
    6.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ etw \halten to hold sth
    ich konnte die Tränen nicht \halten I couldn't hold back my tears
    das Ventil konnte den Überdruck nicht mehr \halten the valve could no longer contain the excess pressure
    er konnte das Wasser nicht mehr \halten he couldn't hold his water
    Wärme/Feuchtigkeit \halten to retain heat/moisture
    7.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    einen Ball \halten to stop a ball
    der Tormann konnte den Ball nicht \halten the goalkeeper couldn't stop the ball
    einen Elfmeter \halten to save a penalty
    8.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ sich dat jdn \halten to employ [or have] sb
    sich dat eine Putzfrau \halten to have a woman to come in and clean
    sie hält sich einen Chauffeur she employs a chauffeur; (fig)
    er hält sich eine Geliebte he has a mistress
    9.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ [sich dat] etw \halten to keep sth
    er hält sich ein Privatflugzeug, eine Segeljacht und ein Rennpferd he keeps a private aircraft, a yacht and a racehorse
    ein Auto \halten to run a car
    wir können uns kein Auto \halten we can't afford a car
    Hühner/einen Hund \halten to keep chickens/a dog
    10.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    eine Zeitung \halten to take a paper form
    11.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ jdn irgendwie \halten to treat sb in a certain way
    er hält seine Kinder sehr streng he is very strict with his children
    12.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (beibehalten, aufrechterhalten)
    ▪ etw \halten to keep sth
    die Balance [o das Gleichgewicht] \halten to keep one's balance
    Frieden \halten to keep the peace
    die Geschwindigkeit \halten to keep up speed
    mit jdm Kontakt \halten to keep in touch [or contact] with sb
    den Kurs \halten to stay on course
    Ordnung \halten to keep order
    eine Position nicht \halten können to not be able to hold a position
    einen Rekord \halten to hold a record
    Ruhe \halten to keep quiet
    den Takt \halten to keep time
    die Temperatur \halten to maintain the temperature
    den Ton \halten to stay in tune
    zu jdm die Verbindung \halten to keep in touch [or contact] with sb
    diese Behauptung lässt sich nicht \halten this statement is not tenable
    hoffentlich kann ich den Weltrekord noch \halten hopefully I can still hold on to the world record
    13.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    MIL (erfolgreich verteidigen)
    ▪ etw \halten to hold sth
    die Verteidiger hielten ihre Stellungen weiterhin the defenders continued to hold their positions
    eine Festung \halten to hold a fortress
    14.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (nicht aufgeben)
    ein Geschäft \halten to keep a business going
    15.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (in einem Zustand erhalten)
    ▪ etw irgendwie \halten to keep sth in a certain condition
    die Fußböden hält sie immer peinlich sauber she always keeps the floors scrupulously clean
    den Abstand gleich \halten to keep the distance the same
    jdn in Atem/in Bewegung/bei Laune \halten to keep sb in suspense/on the go/happy
    für jdn das Essen warm \halten to keep sb's meal hot
    die Getränke kalt \halten to keep the drinks chilled
    jdn jung/fit \halten to keep sb young/fit
    16.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ etw in etw dat \halten to do sth in sth
    ▪ etw ist in etw dat ge \halten sth is done in sth
    das Haus war innen und außen ganz in Weiß ge\halten the house was completely white inside and out
    das Wohnzimmer ist in Blau ge\halten the living room is decorated in blue
    ihr Schlafzimmer ist in ganz in Kirschbaum ge\halten her bedroom is furnished entirely in cherrywood
    die Rede war sehr allgemein ge\halten the speech was very general
    einen Brief kurz \halten to keep a letter short
    etw schlicht \halten to keep sth simple
    17.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ etw \halten to give sth
    er hielt eine kurze Rede he made a short speech
    Diät \halten to keep to a diet
    einen Gottesdienst \halten to hold a service
    seinen Mittagsschlaf \halten to have an afternoon nap
    eine Rede \halten to give [or make] a speech
    ein Referat \halten to give [or present] a paper
    Selbstgespräche \halten to talk to oneself
    eine Unterrichtsstunde \halten to give a lesson
    Unterricht \halten to teach
    einen Vortrag \halten to give a talk
    seinen Winterschlaf \halten to hibernate
    Zwiesprache \halten mit jdm/etw (geh) to commune with sb form; s.a. Gericht
    18.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (einhalten, erfüllen)
    ▪ etw \halten to keep sth
    der Film hält nicht, was der Titel verspricht the film doesn't live up to its title
    man muss \halten, was man verspricht a promise is a promise
    sein Wort/Versprechen \halten to keep one's word/a promise
    19.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ jdn/etw für jdn/etw \halten to take sb/sth for [or to be] sb/sth
    ich habe ihn für seinen Bruder ge\halten I mistook him for his brother
    das halte ich nicht für möglich I don't think that is possible
    wofür \halten Sie mich? what do you take me for?
    jdn für ehrlich/reich \halten to think sb is [or consider sb to be] honest/rich
    20.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (denken über)
    ▪ etw von jdm/etw \halten to think sth of sb/sth
    ich halte nichts davon, das zu tun I don't think much of doing that
    er hält nichts vom Beten/Sparen he's not a great one for praying/saving fam
    ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht I think it best/possible/my duty
    nichts/viel/wenig von jdm/etw \halten to think nothing/a lot/not think much of sb/sth
    21.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    etwas/viel auf jdn \halten to think quite a bit/a lot of sb
    wenn man etwas auf sich hält... if you think you're somebody...; s.a. Stück
    22.
    ▶ den Mund [o (fam) Schnabel] \halten to keep one's mouth shut, to hold one's tongue
    1. (festhalten) to hold
    kannst du mal einen Moment \halten? can you hold that for a second?
    2.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (haltbar sein) to keep
    wie lange hält der Fisch noch? how much longer will the fish keep?
    die Schuhe sollten noch bis nächstes Jahr \halten these shoes should last till next year
    3.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (dauerhaft sein) to hold
    der das Seil hält nicht mehr länger the rope won't hold much longer
    die Tapete hält nicht the wallpaper won't stay on
    diese Freundschaft hält schon lange this friendship has been lasting long
    die Tür wird jetzt \halten now the door will hold
    das Regal hält nicht an der Wand the shelf keeps falling off the wall
    4.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (stehen bleiben, anhalten) to stop
    \halten Sie bitte an der Ecke! stop at the corner, please
    etw zum H\halten bringen to bring sth to a stop [or standstill]
    ein \haltendes Fahrzeug a stationary vehicle
    5.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    SPORT to make a save
    unser Tormann hat heute wieder großartig ge\halten our goalkeeper made some great saves today
    kann Peters denn gut \halten? is Peters a good goalkeeper?
    6.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ [mit etw dat] auf etw akk \halten to aim at sth [with sth]
    du musst mehr nach rechts \halten you must aim more to the right
    7.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ an sich akk \halten to control oneself
    ich musste an mich \halten, um nicht zu lachen I had to force myself not to laugh
    8.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (Wert legen auf)
    ▪ auf etw akk \halten to attach importance to sth
    [sehr] auf Ordnung \halten to attach [a lot of] importance to tidiness
    9.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (jdm beistehen)
    ▪ zu jdm \halten to stand [or stick] by sb
    ich werde immer zu dir \halten I will always stand by you
    ich halte zu Manchester United, und du? I support Manchester United, what about you?
    10.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    Sport hält jung sport keeps you young
    Alufolie hält frisch aluminium foil keeps things fresh
    11.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    NAUT (Kurs nehmen)
    ▪ auf etw akk halten to head for sth
    halte mehr nach links keep more to the left
    nach Norden \halten to head north
    12.
    ▶ halt mal,... hang [or hold] on,...
    ▶ halt mal, stopp! (hum) hang [or hold] on a minute!
    du solltest ein bisschen mehr auf dich \halten (auf das Aussehen achten) you should take more [a] pride in yourself; (selbstbewusst sein) you should be more self-confident
    1.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ sich akk an etw dat \halten to hold on to sth
    der Kletterer rutschte aus und konnte sich nicht mehr \halten the climber slipped and lost his grip
    2.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (nicht verderben)
    ▪ sich akk \halten Lebensmittel to keep; Blumen a. to last
    im Kühlschrank hält sich Milch gut drei Tage milk keeps for a good three days in the fridge
    3.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    sich akk gut ge \halten haben (fam) to have worn well fam
    für seine 50 Jahre hat er sich gut ge\halten he has worn well for a 50-year-old
    4.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    sich akk gut \halten to do well, to make a good showing
    5.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (nicht verschwinden)
    ▪ sich akk \halten to last; Schnee a. to stay; Geruch, Rauch to stay, to hang around
    manchmal kann der Nebel sich bis in die späten Vormittagsstunden \halten sometimes the fog can last until the late morning
    6.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ sich akk an etw akk \halten to stay with sth
    ich halte mich an die alte Methode I'll stick to [or stay with] the old method
    ich halte mich lieber an Mineralwasser I prefer to stay with mineral water
    7.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (irgendwo bleiben)
    sich akk auf den Beinen/im Sattel \halten to stay on one's feet/in the saddle
    8.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (eine Richtung beibehalten)
    ▪ sich akk irgendwo/nach... \halten to keep to somewhere/heading towards...
    \halten Sie sich immer in Richtung Stadtmitte keep going towards the centre
    sich akk rechts/links \halten to keep [to the] left/right
    der Autofahrer hielt sich ganz rechts the driver kept to the right
    sich akk nach Süden \halten to keep going southwards
    9.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ sich akk an etw akk \halten to keep [or stick] to sth
    er hält sich immer an die Vorschriften he always sticks to the rules
    der Film hat sich nicht an die Romanvorlage gehalten the film didn't keep [or stick] to the book
    sich akk an die Tatsachen \halten to keep [or stick] to the facts
    sich akk an ein Versprechen \halten to keep a promise
    10.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (sich behaupten)
    ▪ sich akk [mit etw dat] \halten to prevail [with sth]
    trotz der hauchdünnen Mehrheit hielt sich die Regierung noch über ein Jahr despite its wafer-thin majority the government lasted [or kept going for] over a year
    11.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ sich akk halten to keep going
    die Firma wird sich nicht \halten können the company won't keep going [for long]
    12.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (eine bestimmte Körperhaltung haben)
    ▪ sich akk irgendwie \halten to carry [or hold] oneself in a certain manner
    es ist nicht leicht, sich im Gleichgewicht zu \halten it's not easy to keep one's balance
    sich akk aufrecht/gerade \halten to hold or carry oneself erect/straight
    13.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ sich akk für jdn/etw \halten to think one is sb/sth
    er hält sich für besonders klug/einen Fachmann he thinks he's very clever/a specialist
    14.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    sich akk nicht \halten können not to be able to control oneself
    ich konnte mich nicht \halten vor Lachen bei dem Anblick I couldn't help laughing at this sight
    15.
    ▶ sich akk an jdn \halten (sich an jdn wenden) to refer to sb, to ask sb; (jds Nähe suchen) to stick with sb
    1.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    ▪ es [mit etw dat] irgendwie \halten to do sth in a certain way
    wir \halten es ähnlich we do things in a similar way
    es mit einer Sache so/anders \halten to handle [or deal with] sth like this/differently
    wie hältst du es in diesem Jahr mit Weihnachten? what are you doing about Christmas this year?
    wie hältst du's mit der Kirche? what's your attitude towards the church?
    das kannst du \halten wie du willst that's completely up to you
    2.
    <hielt, gehalten>
    (Neigung haben für)
    es [mehr [o lieber]] mit jdm/etw halten to prefer sb/sth
    sie hält es mehr mit ihrer Mutter she gets on better with her mother
    er hält es nicht so mit der Sauberkeit he's not a great one for cleanliness
    * * *
    1.
    unregelmäßiges transitives Verb
    1) (auch Milit.) hold

    sich (Dat.) den Kopf/den Bauch halten — hold one's head/stomach

    jemanden an od. bei der Hand halten — hold somebody's hand; hold somebody by the hand

    etwas ins Licht/gegen das Licht halten — hold something to/up to the light

    2) (Ballspiele) save <shot, penalty, etc.>
    3) (bewahren) keep; (beibehalten, aufrechterhalten) keep up < speed etc.>; maintain <temperature, equilibrium>

    einen Ton halten — stay in tune; (lange anhalten) sustain a note

    Ordnung/Frieden halten — keep order/the peace

    4) (erfüllen) keep

    sein Wort/ein Versprechen halten — keep one's word/a promise

    5) (besitzen, beschäftigen, beziehen) keep <chickens etc.>; take <newspaper, magazine, etc.>

    jemanden für reich/ehrlich halten — think somebody is or consider somebody to be rich/honest

    ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht — I think it best/possible/my duty

    viel/nichts/wenig von jemandem/etwas halten — think a lot/nothing/not think much of somebody/something

    7) (abhalten, veranstalten) give, make < speech>; give, hold < lecture>

    Unterricht halten — give lessons; teach

    seinen Mittagsschlaf halten — have one's or an afternoon nap

    8) (Halt geben) hold up, support < bridge etc.>; hold back <curtain, hair>; fasten < dress>

    ein Geschäft usw. halten — keep a business etc. going

    12) (behandeln) treat
    13) (vorziehen)

    es mehr od. lieber mit jemandem/etwas halten — prefer somebody/something

    14) (verfahren)

    es mit einer Sache so/anders halten — deal with or handle something like this/differently

    2.
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb
    1) (stehen bleiben) stop

    der Nagel/das Seil hält nicht mehr länger — the nail/rope won't hold much longer

    diese Freundschaft hält nicht [lange] — (fig.) this friendship won't last [long]

    3) (Sport) save

    zu jemandem halten — stand or stick by somebody

    5) (zielen) aim (auf + Akk. at)
    6) (Seemannsspr.) head

    auf etwas (Akk.) halten — head for or towards something

    an sich (Akk.) halten — control oneself

    3.

    das Geschäft wird sich nicht halten können — the shop won't keep going [for long]

    sich gut halten — do well; make a good showing

    3) (unverändert bleiben) <weather, flowers, etc.> last; <milk, meat, etc.> keep

    sich schlecht/gerade/aufrecht halten — hold or carry oneself badly/straight/erect

    sich auf den Beinen/im Sattel halten — stay on one's feet/in the saddle

    sich links/rechts halten — keep [to the] left/right

    sich an jemandes Seite (Dat.) /hinter jemandem halten — stay or keep next to/behind somebody

    sich an etwas (Akk.) halten — keep to or follow something

    9) (ugs.): (jung, gesund bleiben)
    * * *
    Halten n; -s, kein pl:
    zum Halten bringen stop, bring to a halt ( oder stop);
    Halten verboten! no stopping;
    da gab es kein Halten mehr there was no holding them etc (back)
    * * *
    1.
    unregelmäßiges transitives Verb
    1) (auch Milit.) hold

    sich (Dat.) den Kopf/den Bauch halten — hold one's head/stomach

    jemanden an od. bei der Hand halten — hold somebody's hand; hold somebody by the hand

    etwas ins Licht/gegen das Licht halten — hold something to/up to the light

    2) (Ballspiele) save <shot, penalty, etc.>
    3) (bewahren) keep; (beibehalten, aufrechterhalten) keep up <speed etc.>; maintain <temperature, equilibrium>

    einen Ton halten — stay in tune; (lange anhalten) sustain a note

    Ordnung/Frieden halten — keep order/the peace

    4) (erfüllen) keep

    sein Wort/ein Versprechen halten — keep one's word/a promise

    5) (besitzen, beschäftigen, beziehen) keep <chickens etc.>; take <newspaper, magazine, etc.>

    jemanden für reich/ehrlich halten — think somebody is or consider somebody to be rich/honest

    ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht — I think it best/possible/my duty

    viel/nichts/wenig von jemandem/etwas halten — think a lot/nothing/not think much of somebody/something

    7) (abhalten, veranstalten) give, make < speech>; give, hold < lecture>

    Unterricht halten — give lessons; teach

    seinen Mittagsschlaf halten — have one's or an afternoon nap

    8) (Halt geben) hold up, support <bridge etc.>; hold back <curtain, hair>; fasten < dress>

    ein Geschäft usw. halten — keep a business etc. going

    12) (behandeln) treat

    es mehr od. lieber mit jemandem/etwas halten — prefer somebody/something

    es mit einer Sache so/anders halten — deal with or handle something like this/differently

    2.
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb
    2) (unverändert, an seinem Platz bleiben) last

    der Nagel/das Seil hält nicht mehr länger — the nail/rope won't hold much longer

    diese Freundschaft hält nicht [lange] — (fig.) this friendship won't last [long]

    3) (Sport) save

    zu jemandem halten — stand or stick by somebody

    5) (zielen) aim (auf + Akk. at)
    6) (Seemannsspr.) head

    auf etwas (Akk.) halten — head for or towards something

    an sich (Akk.) halten — control oneself

    3.
    1) (sich durchsetzen, behaupten)

    das Geschäft wird sich nicht halten können — the shop won't keep going [for long]

    sich gut halten — do well; make a good showing

    3) (unverändert bleiben) <weather, flowers, etc.> last; <milk, meat, etc.> keep

    sich schlecht/gerade/aufrecht halten — hold or carry oneself badly/straight/erect

    sich auf den Beinen/im Sattel halten — stay on one's feet/in the saddle

    6) (gehen, bleiben)

    sich links/rechts halten — keep [to the] left/right

    sich an jemandes Seite (Dat.) /hinter jemandem halten — stay or keep next to/behind somebody

    sich an etwas (Akk.) halten — keep to or follow something

    9) (ugs.): (jung, gesund bleiben)
    * * *
    v.
    (§ p.,pp.: hielt, gehalten)
    = to bear v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: bore, borne)
    to clamp v.
    to halt v.
    to hold v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: held)
    to keep v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: kept)
    to retain v.
    to uphold v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: upheld)

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Halten

  • 17 niño

    m.
    boy, kid, child, innocent.
    * * *
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 (gen) child; (chico) boy, little boy; (chica) girl, little girl
    2 (bebé) baby
    ■ ¿para cuándo es el niño? when is the baby due?
    ■ no seas niño y acábate la cena don't be such a baby, eat up your dinner!
    1 children, kids
    \
    de niño,-a as a child
    desde niño,-a from childhood
    ... ni que niño muerto familiar my foot!
    ■ ¡qué moto ni qué niño muerto! motorbike, my foot!
    querer a alguien como a la niña de sus ojos to adore somebody, have a soft spot for somebody
    ser como la niña de sus ojos para alguien to be the apple of somebody's eye
    niño,-a bien rich kid
    niño,-a bonito,-a (de los padres) spoilt child 2 (de otros) pet
    niño,-a burbuja baby in the bubble
    niño,-a probeta test-tube baby
    niño de papá rich kid
    niño pera familiar daddy's boy
    * * *
    (f. - niña)
    noun
    child, boy / girl
    * * *
    niño, -a
    1. ADJ
    1) (=joven) young; pey childish

    ¡no seas niño! — don't be so childish!

    2) And [fruta] green, unripe
    2. SM / F
    1) (=crío) child, (little) boy/(little) girl

    desde niño — since childhood, since I etc was a child

    niño/a bien, niño/a bonito/a — Hooray Henry *

    niño/a de la calle — street kid

    niño/a expósito/a — foundling

    niño/a pera, niño/a pijo/a — * pampered child, daddy's boy/girl

    niño/a prodigio/a — child prodigy

    niño/a terrible — enfant terrible

    2) (=bebé) baby

    cuando nazca el niño — when the baby is born, when the child is born

    niño/a azul — blue baby

    el Niño de la bola — (lit) the infant Jesus; (fig) fortune's favourite

    niño/a de pecho — babe-in-arms

    el Niño Jesús — the Christ-child; [con menos formalidad] the Baby Jesus

    niño/a probeta — test-tube baby

    3) * [uso apelativo]

    ¡niño, que te vas a caer! — watch out, lad, you're going to fall!

    ¡niña, no seas tan tonta! — don't be such a silly girl!

    4) LAm ( esp Hist) (=título) master/mistress, sir/miss
    5) Cono Sur undesirable
    niña
    * * *
    I
    - ña adjetivo
    a) ( joven) young
    b) (infantil, inmaduro) immature, childish
    II
    - ña masculino, femenino
    a) (m) boy, child; (f) girl, child; ( bebé) baby

    ¿te gustan los niños? — do you like children?

    estar como (un) niño con zapatos nuevos — to be like a child with a new toy

    b) ( con respecto a los padres) (m) son, child; (f) daughter, child
    c) ( adulto joven) (m) (young) boy, (young) guy (colloq); (f) (young) girl
    d) (AmL) ( término de respeto) (m) young master; (f) young lady

    ¿la niña Lupita va a cenar en casa? — will Miss Lupita be dining in this evening?

    * * *
    = child [children, -pl.], infant, kid, kiddy [kiddie], baby boy, kidlet.
    Ex. There are many catalogs and each of them functions in a different world -- the worlds of the school child and of the college student, the worlds of the eminent scholar and of the casual reader.
    Ex. The article 'Sitting pretty: infants, toddlers, & lapsits' outlines the procedures followed at San Francisco public library to help parents introduce their babies to appropriate literature.
    Ex. He said they try to arrange special visits to cultural institutions and attend concerts, and that the kids have an opportunity to speak with people connected with the event afterwards.
    Ex. If they can do it for the kiddies, perhaps they can do it for the adults too.
    Ex. With a conception calendar you can choose to conceive on the days that Nature has chosen for a baby boy or a baby girl.
    Ex. Kidlets age 6 and up will be tied up for hours assembling and playing with these packs of different pirate ships, dinosaurs, airplanes or alien creatures.
    ----
    * acuéstate con niños y amanecerás meado = lie down with dogs and you get fleas.
    * adaptado especialmente para niños = child-friendly.
    * a prueba de niños = childproof.
    * centrado en el niño = child-centred [child-centered, -USA].
    * comida para niños = baby food.
    * Consejo para los Niños Excepcionales (CEC) = Council for Exceptional Children (CEC).
    * crianza de niños = parenting.
    * criar niños = rear + children, raise + children, child rearing.
    * cuando era niño = as a boy.
    * cuidado de niños = child care [childcare].
    * cuidador de niños = childminder.
    * custodia de los niños = child custody.
    * edad en la que un niño aprende a andar = toddlerhood.
    * escuela de niños menores = infant school.
    * juego de niños = child's play, children's play, children's play.
    * mentalidad de niño = juvenile mentality.
    * niño abandonado = waif.
    * niño adoptado = adopted child.
    * niño adoptivo = adopted child.
    * niño cambiado = changeling.
    * niño chico = young child, young kid.
    * niño con necesidades especiales = special needs child.
    * niño consentido = spoilt brat.
    * niño de edad escolar = school-age child.
    * niño de la calle = waif.
    * niño de la llave = latchkey child.
    * niño desvalido = deprived child.
    * niño en edad escolar = school-age child.
    * niño en edad preescolar = preschooler.
    * niño joven = young boy.
    * niño malcriado = spoilt brat, brat.
    * niño mimado = darling, spoilt brat.
    * niño pequeño = toddler, little child.
    * niño problemático = problem child.
    * niño prodigio = child prodigy.
    * niño que recibe la educación escolar en su casa = homeschooler [home schooler].
    * niños = children [child, -sing.].
    * niños entre cinco y siete años = five-to-sevens.
    * niños, los = small fry, the.
    * niños nacidos fuera del matrimonio = children born out of the wedlock.
    * niño travieso = naughty boy.
    * obra de teatro para niños = children's play.
    * para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.
    * piscina inflable para niños = paddling pool, wading pool.
    * piscina para niños = wading pool, paddling pool, wading pool.
    * problema con los niños de la llave = latchkey problem.
    * propio de niña = girlish.
    * propio de niño = boyish.
    * proteger Algo para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.
    * tener niños = have + children.
    * tener un niño = have + a baby.
    * tráfico de niños = trafficking in children.
    * trata de niños = trafficking in children.
    * Virgen y el Niño = Madonna and Child.
    * * *
    I
    - ña adjetivo
    a) ( joven) young
    b) (infantil, inmaduro) immature, childish
    II
    - ña masculino, femenino
    a) (m) boy, child; (f) girl, child; ( bebé) baby

    ¿te gustan los niños? — do you like children?

    estar como (un) niño con zapatos nuevos — to be like a child with a new toy

    b) ( con respecto a los padres) (m) son, child; (f) daughter, child
    c) ( adulto joven) (m) (young) boy, (young) guy (colloq); (f) (young) girl
    d) (AmL) ( término de respeto) (m) young master; (f) young lady

    ¿la niña Lupita va a cenar en casa? — will Miss Lupita be dining in this evening?

    * * *
    = child [children, -pl.], infant, kid, kiddy [kiddie], baby boy, kidlet.

    Ex: There are many catalogs and each of them functions in a different world -- the worlds of the school child and of the college student, the worlds of the eminent scholar and of the casual reader.

    Ex: The article 'Sitting pretty: infants, toddlers, & lapsits' outlines the procedures followed at San Francisco public library to help parents introduce their babies to appropriate literature.
    Ex: He said they try to arrange special visits to cultural institutions and attend concerts, and that the kids have an opportunity to speak with people connected with the event afterwards.
    Ex: If they can do it for the kiddies, perhaps they can do it for the adults too.
    Ex: With a conception calendar you can choose to conceive on the days that Nature has chosen for a baby boy or a baby girl.
    Ex: Kidlets age 6 and up will be tied up for hours assembling and playing with these packs of different pirate ships, dinosaurs, airplanes or alien creatures.
    * acuéstate con niños y amanecerás meado = lie down with dogs and you get fleas.
    * adaptado especialmente para niños = child-friendly.
    * a prueba de niños = childproof.
    * centrado en el niño = child-centred [child-centered, -USA].
    * comida para niños = baby food.
    * Consejo para los Niños Excepcionales (CEC) = Council for Exceptional Children (CEC).
    * crianza de niños = parenting.
    * criar niños = rear + children, raise + children, child rearing.
    * cuando era niño = as a boy.
    * cuidado de niños = child care [childcare].
    * cuidador de niños = childminder.
    * custodia de los niños = child custody.
    * edad en la que un niño aprende a andar = toddlerhood.
    * escuela de niños menores = infant school.
    * juego de niños = child's play, children's play, children's play.
    * mentalidad de niño = juvenile mentality.
    * niño abandonado = waif.
    * niño adoptado = adopted child.
    * niño adoptivo = adopted child.
    * niño cambiado = changeling.
    * niño chico = young child, young kid.
    * niño con necesidades especiales = special needs child.
    * niño consentido = spoilt brat.
    * niño de edad escolar = school-age child.
    * niño de la calle = waif.
    * niño de la llave = latchkey child.
    * niño desvalido = deprived child.
    * niño en edad escolar = school-age child.
    * niño en edad preescolar = preschooler.
    * niño joven = young boy.
    * niño malcriado = spoilt brat, brat.
    * niño mimado = darling, spoilt brat.
    * niño pequeño = toddler, little child.
    * niño problemático = problem child.
    * niño prodigio = child prodigy.
    * niño que recibe la educación escolar en su casa = homeschooler [home schooler].
    * niños = children [child, -sing.].
    * niños entre cinco y siete años = five-to-sevens.
    * niños, los = small fry, the.
    * niños nacidos fuera del matrimonio = children born out of the wedlock.
    * niño travieso = naughty boy.
    * obra de teatro para niños = children's play.
    * para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.
    * piscina inflable para niños = paddling pool, wading pool.
    * piscina para niños = wading pool, paddling pool, wading pool.
    * problema con los niños de la llave = latchkey problem.
    * propio de niña = girlish.
    * propio de niño = boyish.
    * proteger Algo para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.
    * tener niños = have + children.
    * tener un niño = have + a baby.
    * tráfico de niños = trafficking in children.
    * trata de niños = trafficking in children.
    * Virgen y el Niño = Madonna and Child.

    * * *
    niño1 -ña
    1 (joven) young
    es muy niña para casarse she's very young to be getting married
    2 (infantil, inmaduro) immature, childish
    no seas tan niño don't be so childish!
    niño2 -ña
    masculine, feminine
    1 ( masculine) boy, child; ( feminine) girl, child; (bebé) baby
    ¿te gustan los niños? do you like children?
    de niño era muy tímido he was very shy as a child o when he was young o when he was little
    ¡niño! ¿qué forma de hablar es ésa? Michael! ( o Richard! etc) that's no way to talk!, that's no way to talk, young man o my boy!
    ¡niña! esas cosas no se dicen Sally! ( o Stephanie! etc) don't say things like that!, don't say things like that, you naughty girl!
    estar como un niño con zapatos nuevos to be like a child with a new toy
    2 (con respecto a los padres) ( masculine) son, child; ( feminine) daughter, child
    la niña de mi hermana tiene tres años my sister's daughter o child o little girl is three
    tengo que llevar a la niña al dentista I have to take Pilar ( o Ana etc) to the dentist, I have to take my daughter to the dentist
    está esperando un niño she's expecting a baby
    ¿y qué tuvo? ¿un niño o una niña? what did she have, a boy or a girl?
    3
    (adulto joven): tiene 60 años y se ha casado con una niña de 20 he's 60 and he's married a (young) girl of 20
    sale con un niño francés she's going out with a (young) French boy o ( colloq) guy
    4 ( AmL) (término de respeto) ( masculine) young master; ( feminine) young lady
    ¿la niña Lupita va a cenar en casa? will Miss Lupita be dining in this evening?
    Compuestos:
    feminine: la niñoa bonita number fifteen
    ● niño bien, niña bien
    masculine, feminine rich kid ( colloq)
    ● niño bonito, niña bonita
    masculine, feminine ( Esp) rich kid ( colloq)
    ● niño de brazos, niña de brazos
    masculine, feminine babe-in-arms
    ( period); masculine whipping boy, scapegoat
    ● niño de pañales, niña de pañales
    masculine, feminine small o young baby
    ● niño de pecho, niña de pecho
    masculine, feminine small o young baby
    ● Niño Jesús or Dios
    masculine: el niño Jesús or Dios Baby Jesus
    ● niño mimado, niña mimada
    masculine, feminine favorite*, pet
    ● niño pera, niña pera
    masculine, feminine ( Esp) rich kid ( colloq)
    ● niño pijo, niña pija
    masculine, feminine ( Esp) rich kid ( colloq)
    ● niño probeta, niña probeta
    masculine, feminine test-tube baby
    ● niño prodigio, niña prodigio
    masculine, feminine child prodigy
    ● niño soldado, niña soldado
    masculine, feminine child soldier
    (de carne) beef olives (pl); (de repollo) stuffed cabbage leaves (pl)
    * * *

     

    niño
    ◊ -ña adjetivo ( joven) young;


    (infantil, inmaduro) immature, childish
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
    a) (m) boy, child;

    (f) girl, child;
    ( bebé) baby;
    ◊ ¿te gustan los niños? do you like children?;

    de niño as a child;
    niño bien rich kid (colloq);
    niño de pecho small o young baby;
    el niño mimado de la maestra the teacher's favorite( conjugate favorite) o pet;
    niño prodigio child prodigy

    (f) daughter, child;

    niño,-a
    I sustantivo masculino y femenino child: tiene dos niños y una niña, he has two sons and a daughter
    va a tener un niño, she's expecting a baby
    de niño, as a child
    II adjetivo (persona infantil) child
    ♦ Locuciones: la niña de tus ojos, the apple of one's eye
    ' niño' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aberración
    - abrigada
    - abrigado
    - ahijada
    - ahijado
    - asistencia
    - balbuceo
    - barrio
    - berrear
    - berrido
    - bicho
    - bien
    - bisnieta
    - bisnieto
    - bombón
    - bonita
    - bonito
    - botija
    - buena
    - bueno
    - caca
    - calor
    - cargar
    - cartera
    - clavada
    - clavado
    - condenada
    - condenado
    - conflictiva
    - conflictivo
    - crianza
    - criatura
    - daño
    - dejar
    - derecha
    - derecho
    - dormir
    - edad
    - educada
    - educado
    - enferma
    - enfermo
    - escolar
    - existencia
    - extremar
    - fiebre
    - ir
    - gas
    - gorrina
    - gorrino
    English:
    any
    - astonishing
    - baby
    - baby buggy
    - baby carriage
    - batter
    - boggle
    - bonnet
    - boo-boo
    - bounce
    - boy
    - bring up
    - buggy
    - busily
    - child
    - child prodigy
    - clown around
    - congenital
    - console
    - cub scout
    - cute
    - disobedient
    - dyslexia
    - erratic
    - formative
    - foster
    - foster child
    - from
    - girl
    - growing
    - highchair
    - horror
    - indulge
    - indulgence
    - infant
    - it
    - jelly baby
    - keep in
    - kid
    - let off
    - little
    - mischief
    - mischievous
    - mommy
    - naughty
    - outcry
    - outwardly
    - overgrown
    - pat
    - play pen
    * * *
    niño, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [pequeño, joven] young
    2. Pey [infantil, inmaduro] childish
    ♦ nm,f
    1. [crío] [varón] child, boy;
    [hembra] child, girl; [bebé] baby;
    los niños the children;
    ¿es niño o niña? is it a boy or a girl?;
    de niño era muy gordo he was very fat as a child;
    desde niño from childhood;
    estar como un niño con zapatos nuevos to be as pleased as punch;
    Fam
    ni qué niño muerto: es culpa de la crisis – ¡qué crisis ni qué niño muerto! it's the fault of the recession – don't give me that recession stuff!;
    ser el niño bonito de alguien to be sb's pet o blue-eyed boy
    Pey niño bien rich kid;
    niños envueltos [plato] beef olives;
    el niño Jesús the Baby Jesus;
    niño mimado spoilt child;
    niño de pecho tiny baby;
    niño probeta test-tube baby;
    niño prodigio child prodigy;
    niño de teta tiny baby
    2. [hijo] son;
    [hija] daughter;
    tuvo dos niñas con su primera mujer he had two daughters by his first wife
    3. [joven] young boy, f young girl
    RP niños cantores = children who sing the results of the state lottery
    4. Meteo
    el Niño el Niño;
    la Niña la Niña
    5. Am salvo RP [amo] master, f mistress;
    hay que planchar la ropa de la niña Ana Miss Anna's clothes need ironing
    6. Col niña del servicio maid, servant girl
    7. Cuba [como apelativo] dear;
    ¡niño!, ¿por dónde se va a la estación de tren? which way is it to the railway station, dear?
    LOS NIÑOS HÊROES
    When the United States invaded Mexico in the war of 1847, its troops laid seige to the military academy in Chapultepec castle, then on the outskirts of Mexico City. Despite an order to flee to their homes, the military cadets refused to leave, and six who died in the fighting are commemorated as the Niños Héroes. The youngest was aged just 13 and none was older than 20. Despite some doubts which have been raised about the more colourful aspects of the legend (e.g. wrapping themselves in the national flag and leaping to their deaths from the battlements), they remain among the most honoured figures in Mexico's pantheon of national heroes. When US president Harry Truman placed a wreath at their monument on a visit to Mexico in 1947, the gesture went down very well, so much so that President Clinton repeated it in 1997.
    * * *
    I adj young; desp
    childish;
    ¡no seas niño! don’t be childish!
    II m
    1 boy;
    como niño con zapatos nuevos like a child with a new toy
    2 forma de cortesía young man
    3
    :
    niños pl children
    * * *
    niño, -ña n
    : child, boy m, girl f
    * * *
    2. (bebé) baby [pl. babies]
    3. (chico) boy / little boy

    Spanish-English dictionary > niño

  • 18 nombre

    m.
    1 name (apelativo).
    de nombre Ricardo called Ricardo, Ricardo by name
    en nombre de on behalf of
    llamar a las cosas por su nombre to call a spade a spade
    ¿qué nombre le vas a poner al perro? what are you going to call the dog?
    no tener nombre to be unspeakable
    nombre artístico/comercial stage/trade name
    nombre de pila first o Christian name
    nombre de soltera maiden name
    2 reputation (fama).
    tener mucho nombre to be renowned o famous
    3 noun (grammar).
    nombre abstracto/colectivo abstract/collective noun
    nombre común/propio common/proper noun
    pres.subj.
    1st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: nombrar.
    * * *
    1 name
    ■ ¿este cheque va a su nombre? is this cheque in your name?
    3 (fama) reputation
    \
    a nombre de in the name of
    conocer a alguien de nombre to know somebody by name
    en el nombre del Padre, del Hijo... in the name of the Father, the Son...
    en nombre de on behalf of
    no tener nombre figurado to be unspeakable
    nombre artístico stage name
    nombre comercial trade name
    nombre de guerra nom de guerre
    nombre de pila first name, Christian name
    nombre propio proper noun
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) name
    2) noun
    * * *
    SM
    1) [de persona, cosa] name

    nombre y apellidos — name in full, full name

    • a nombre de, un sobre a nombre de... — an envelope addressed to...

    • bajo el nombre de — under the name of

    • de nombre — by name

    • en nombre de — in the name of, on behalf of

    ¡abran en nombre de la ley! — open up in the name of the law!

    • poner nombre a — to call, name

    ¿qué nombre le van a poner? — what are they going to call him?

    • por nombre — by the name of, called

    • sin nombre — nameless

    no tener nombre —

    nombre artístico — [de escritor] pen-name, nom de plume; [de actor] stage name

    nombre de bautismo — christian name, given name (EEUU)

    nombre de fichero — (Inform) file name

    nombre de pila — first name, Christian name, given name (EEUU)

    2) (Ling) noun
    3) (=reputación) name, reputation

    un médico de nombre — a famous o renowned doctor

    * * *
    1)
    a) (de cosa, persona, animal) name

    ¿cuál es el nombre de la compañía? — what's the name of the company?

    nombre completo o nombre y apellidos — full name, name in full

    ¿qué nombre le pusieron? — what did they call him?

    le pusieron el nombre de su padrino — they named him for (AmE) o (BrE) after his godfather

    en nombre de — ( en representación de) on behalf of; ( apelando a) in the name of

    a nombre de: un paquete a nombre de... a package addressed to...; un cheque a nombre de... a check made payable to o made out to...; llamar a las cosas por su nombre to call a spade a spade; no tiene nombre: lo que ha hecho no tiene nombre — what she has done is unspeakable

    2) (Ling) noun
    3) ( fama)
    * * *
    = label, name, nomenclature, noun, denomination.
    Ex. There are a number of types of abstracts or labels that can be applied to abstracts.
    Ex. This access is achieved by organising the tools so that a user may search under a specific access point or heading or index term, for example, subject term, author, name, title, date.
    Ex. Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.
    Ex. Such lists will embody for example, singular or plural, nouns or adjectives.
    Ex. This paper presents a survey of denominations used by industrial property offices for the various kinds of patent documents published by them.
    ----
    * abreviatura del nombre del campo = tag.
    * acción de dar un nombre a Algo = naming.
    * a nombre de = payable to.
    * asignación de nombre = labelling [labeling, -USA].
    * asignación de nombres = namespace.
    * autoridad de nombre = name authority.
    * barajar nombres = bandy + names.
    * cambio de nombre = rebranding.
    * clave de búsqueda por nombre de autor = author key.
    * Cooperativa para Autoridades de Nombre (NACO) = Name Authority Cooperative (NACO).
    * dar a Algo el nombre de = earn + Nombre + the name of.
    * dar el nombre = label.
    * dar un nuevo nombre = rename.
    * encabezamiento de nombre = name heading.
    * encabezamiento de nombre corporativo = corporate name heading.
    * encabezamiento de nombre personal = personal name heading.
    * encabezamientos de nombre y título = name-title headings.
    * en nombre de = in the name of, on behalf of [in behalf of; on + Nombre + behalf], in + Nombre + behalf [in/on behalf of].
    * entrada de nombre = name entry.
    * entrada de nombre personal = personal name entry.
    * etiqueta con el nombre = name tag.
    * extensión del nombre del fichero = file name extension.
    * fichero de autoridades de nombres = name authority file.
    * hacer honor al nombre de Uno = live up to + Posesivo + name.
    * hacer un pago a nombre de = make + payment payable to.
    * índice de nombres = name index.
    * inicial del primer nombre de pila = first initial.
    * inicial del segundo nombre de pila de una persona = middle initial.
    * llamar las cosas por su nombre = call + a spade a spade.
    * Nombre + a gran escala = broad scale + Nombre.
    * Nombre + a + Nombre = Nombre + by + Nombre.
    * nombre completo = full name.
    * nombre compuesto = double-barrelled name.
    * nombre compuesto por varias palabras = multiple-word name.
    * nombre común = common name.
    * nombre con prefijo = prefixed name.
    * nombre convencional = conventional name.
    * nombre corporativo = corporate name.
    * nombre de acceso = login.
    * nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.
    * nombre de archivo = file name.
    * nombre de autor = author name.
    * nombre de casta = caste name.
    * nombre de compañía = company name.
    * nombre de dominio = domain name.
    * nombre de fichero = filename.
    * nombre del archivo = data set name.
    * nombre del campo = field name.
    * nombre del editor = publisher's name.
    * nombre de lugar = place name.
    * nombre de materia = subject name.
    * nombre de nacimiento = née.
    * nombre de pila = Christian name, first name, given name.
    * nombre de pila segundo = middle name.
    * nombre de pluma = pen name.
    * nombre de usuario = user ID, username, user's name.
    * nombre dinástico = dynastic name.
    * nombre geográfico = geographic name, geographical name.
    * Nombre + mío = Nombre + of mine.
    * Nombre + mismo = very + Nombre.
    * nombre muy conocido = household name, household word.
    * nombre personal = personal name.
    * nombre poco apropiado = misnomer.
    * nombre predominante = predominant name.
    * nombre propio = forename, given name, proper name.
    * Nombre Propio + padre = senior + Nombre Propio.
    * Nombre + que me rodea = Nombre + round me.
    * Nombre + real = majesty's + Nombre.
    * Nombre + relacionado con = Nombre + involved.
    * Nombre + tras + Nombre = in + Nombre + after + Nombre, Nombre + after + Nombre.
    * nombre verbal = verbal noun.
    * nombre y apellidos = full name.
    * pantalla de resumen de nombres = name summary screen.
    * que no se le puede dar un nombre = unnameable.
    * que se le puede dar un nombre = nameable.
    * rellenar a nombre de = make out to.
    * secuencia ordenada alfabéticamente por el nombre del autor = author sequence.
    * sólo de nombre = in name only.
    * todas las iniciales del nombre propio = full initials.
    * URN (Nombre Uniforme de Recursos) = URN (Uniform Resource Name).
    * * *
    1)
    a) (de cosa, persona, animal) name

    ¿cuál es el nombre de la compañía? — what's the name of the company?

    nombre completo o nombre y apellidos — full name, name in full

    ¿qué nombre le pusieron? — what did they call him?

    le pusieron el nombre de su padrino — they named him for (AmE) o (BrE) after his godfather

    en nombre de — ( en representación de) on behalf of; ( apelando a) in the name of

    a nombre de: un paquete a nombre de... a package addressed to...; un cheque a nombre de... a check made payable to o made out to...; llamar a las cosas por su nombre to call a spade a spade; no tiene nombre: lo que ha hecho no tiene nombre — what she has done is unspeakable

    2) (Ling) noun
    3) ( fama)
    * * *
    = label, name, nomenclature, noun, denomination.

    Ex: There are a number of types of abstracts or labels that can be applied to abstracts.

    Ex: This access is achieved by organising the tools so that a user may search under a specific access point or heading or index term, for example, subject term, author, name, title, date.
    Ex: Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.
    Ex: Such lists will embody for example, singular or plural, nouns or adjectives.
    Ex: This paper presents a survey of denominations used by industrial property offices for the various kinds of patent documents published by them.
    * abreviatura del nombre del campo = tag.
    * acción de dar un nombre a Algo = naming.
    * a nombre de = payable to.
    * asignación de nombre = labelling [labeling, -USA].
    * asignación de nombres = namespace.
    * autoridad de nombre = name authority.
    * barajar nombres = bandy + names.
    * cambio de nombre = rebranding.
    * clave de búsqueda por nombre de autor = author key.
    * Cooperativa para Autoridades de Nombre (NACO) = Name Authority Cooperative (NACO).
    * dar a Algo el nombre de = earn + Nombre + the name of.
    * dar el nombre = label.
    * dar un nuevo nombre = rename.
    * encabezamiento de nombre = name heading.
    * encabezamiento de nombre corporativo = corporate name heading.
    * encabezamiento de nombre personal = personal name heading.
    * encabezamientos de nombre y título = name-title headings.
    * en nombre de = in the name of, on behalf of [in behalf of; on + Nombre + behalf], in + Nombre + behalf [in/on behalf of].
    * entrada de nombre = name entry.
    * entrada de nombre personal = personal name entry.
    * etiqueta con el nombre = name tag.
    * extensión del nombre del fichero = file name extension.
    * fichero de autoridades de nombres = name authority file.
    * hacer honor al nombre de Uno = live up to + Posesivo + name.
    * hacer un pago a nombre de = make + payment payable to.
    * índice de nombres = name index.
    * inicial del primer nombre de pila = first initial.
    * inicial del segundo nombre de pila de una persona = middle initial.
    * llamar las cosas por su nombre = call + a spade a spade.
    * Nombre + a gran escala = broad scale + Nombre.
    * Nombre + a + Nombre = Nombre + by + Nombre.
    * nombre completo = full name.
    * nombre compuesto = double-barrelled name.
    * nombre compuesto por varias palabras = multiple-word name.
    * nombre común = common name.
    * nombre con prefijo = prefixed name.
    * nombre convencional = conventional name.
    * nombre corporativo = corporate name.
    * nombre de acceso = login.
    * nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.
    * nombre de archivo = file name.
    * nombre de autor = author name.
    * nombre de casta = caste name.
    * nombre de compañía = company name.
    * nombre de dominio = domain name.
    * nombre de fichero = filename.
    * nombre del archivo = data set name.
    * nombre del campo = field name.
    * nombre del editor = publisher's name.
    * nombre de lugar = place name.
    * nombre de materia = subject name.
    * nombre de nacimiento = née.
    * nombre de pila = Christian name, first name, given name.
    * nombre de pila segundo = middle name.
    * nombre de pluma = pen name.
    * nombre de usuario = user ID, username, user's name.
    * nombre dinástico = dynastic name.
    * nombre geográfico = geographic name, geographical name.
    * Nombre + mío = Nombre + of mine.
    * Nombre + mismo = very + Nombre.
    * nombre muy conocido = household name, household word.
    * nombre personal = personal name.
    * nombre poco apropiado = misnomer.
    * nombre predominante = predominant name.
    * nombre propio = forename, given name, proper name.
    * Nombre Propio + padre = senior + Nombre Propio.
    * Nombre + que me rodea = Nombre + round me.
    * Nombre + real = majesty's + Nombre.
    * Nombre + relacionado con = Nombre + involved.
    * Nombre + tras + Nombre = in + Nombre + after + Nombre, Nombre + after + Nombre.
    * nombre verbal = verbal noun.
    * nombre y apellidos = full name.
    * pantalla de resumen de nombres = name summary screen.
    * que no se le puede dar un nombre = unnameable.
    * que se le puede dar un nombre = nameable.
    * rellenar a nombre de = make out to.
    * secuencia ordenada alfabéticamente por el nombre del autor = author sequence.
    * sólo de nombre = in name only.
    * todas las iniciales del nombre propio = full initials.
    * URN (Nombre Uniforme de Recursos) = URN (Uniform Resource Name).

    * * *
    A
    ¿cuál es el nombre de la compañía? what's the name of the company?, what's the company called?
    2 (de una persona, un animal) name
    escriba su nombre completo or su nombre y apellidos write your full name o your name in full
    ¿qué nombre le pusieron? what did they call him?, what name did they give him?
    le pusieron el nombre de su padrino they named him for ( AmE) o ( BrE) after his godfather
    responde al nombre de Bobi he answers to the name of Bobi
    nombre de mujer/varón girl's/boy's name
    estudiante sólo de nombre student in name only
    sólo lo conozco de nombre I only know him by name
    cierto caballero de nombre Armando ( frml o hum); a certain gentleman by the name of Armando ( frmlor hum)
    llamar a algn por el nombre to call sb by their first name
    en nombre de (en representación de) in ( AmE) o on ( esp BrE) behalf of; (apelando a) in the name of
    en nombre del director y en el mío propio in o on behalf of the director and myself
    en nombre de la justicia/libertad in the name of justice/freedom
    en el nombre del Padre y del Hijo y del Espíritu Santo in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit o Ghost ( ant)
    a nombre de: un paquete a nombre de … a package addressed to …
    un cheque a nombre de … a check made payable to o made out to …
    llamar a las cosas por su nombre to call a spade a spade
    no tiene nombre: lo que les ha hecho a sus padres no tiene nombre what she has done to her parents is unspeakable o despicable
    tu egoísmo no tiene nombre your selfishness is beyond belief
    3
    (sobrenombre): a todos los profesores les pone nombre he gives all the teachers nicknames
    más conocida por el nombre de la Pasionaria better known as la Pasionaria
    Compuestos:
    stage name
    trade name
    ● nombre de archivo or fichero
    ( Inf) file name
    ( Inf) domain name
    ● nombre de guerra or ( AmL) de batalla
    nom de guerre
    place name
    first name, given name, Christian name
    nom de plume
    ( Inf) pathname
    maiden name
    ( Inf) username, user identification
    B ( Ling) noun
    Compuestos:
    collective noun
    compound
    common noun
    countable noun
    ● nombre masivo or no contable
    uncountable o mass noun
    proper noun
    C
    1
    (fama): un científico de nombre a renowned o famous o well-known scientist
    un pianista de nombre en el mundo entero a pianist with a worldwide reputation o famous the world over
    hacerse un nombre en la vida to make a name for oneself
    bueno1 (↑ bueno (1))
    uno de los grandes nombres de nuestra historia one of the great names in our history
    * * *

     

    Del verbo nombrar: ( conjugate nombrar)

    nombré es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    nombre es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    nombrar    
    nombre
    nombrar ( conjugate nombrar) verbo transitivo
    a) (citar, mencionar) to mention;

    ◊ no lo volvió a nombre she never mentioned his name o him again


    nombre sustantivo masculino
    a) (de cosa, persona, animal) name;


    nombre artístico stage name;
    nombre de pila first name, christian name;
    nombre de soltera maiden name;
    ¿qué nombre le pusieron? what did they call him?;
    lo conozco de nombre I know him by name;
    en nombre de ( en representación de) on behalf of;

    ( apelando a) in the name of;
    ◊ a nombre de ‹paquete/carta› made payable to, made out to;

    lo que ha hecho no tiene nombre what she has done is unspeakable
    b) (Ling) noun;


    c) ( fama):


    hacerse un nombre en la vida to make a name for oneself
    nombrar verbo transitivo
    1 (para un cargo) to appoint: le nombraron secretario general, he was appointed secretary general
    nombrar a dedo, to handpick
    2 (mencionar) to name, mention: ¡a ése ni me lo nombres!, don't even mention his name!
    nombre sustantivo masculino
    1 name: ¿cuál es su nombre de pila?, what's his Christian/first name? ➣ Ver nota en name 2 Ling noun
    ♦ Locuciones: llamar a las cosas por su nombre, to speak plainly
    a nombre de, addressed to
    en nombre de algo/alguien, on behalf of sthg/sb
    ' nombre' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - abdomen
    - actor
    - alta
    - alto
    - Amberes
    - Andorra
    - aparecer
    - buen
    - cerdo
    - chalet
    - complemento
    - cordera
    - cordero
    - decir
    - durante
    - ensuciar
    - escriturar
    - esculpir
    - falsa
    - falso
    - fulana
    - fulano
    - guerra
    - impronunciable
    - infelicidad
    - kamikaze
    - Kuwait
    - la
    - ligarse
    - llamar
    - manchar
    - monte
    - no
    - nominalmente
    - Pakistán
    - palmípeda
    - palmípedo
    - Paquistán
    - París
    - Pequín
    - Persia
    - Perú
    - pila
    - poner
    - recibir
    - recordar
    - rey
    - señor
    - Sofía
    English:
    abandon
    - abandoned
    - abbey
    - abbot
    - abbreviation
    - ABC
    - abdication
    - abdomen
    - aberration
    - ability
    - abolition
    - aborigine
    - abrasive
    - absence
    - absentee
    - absorption
    - abstainer
    - abstention
    - abstinence
    - abundance
    - abuse
    - abyss
    - academic
    - academic year
    - academy
    - acceleration
    - accelerator
    - accent
    - acceptance
    - access
    - access road
    - accessory
    - accident
    - acclaim
    - accomplice
    - accomplishment
    - accord
    - accordance
    - accordion
    - account
    - accountancy
    - accountant
    - accumulation
    - accuracy
    - accusation
    - accused
    - ace
    - acetate
    - acetone
    - ache
    * * *
    nombre nm
    1. [apelativo] name;
    un vecino, de quien no diré el nombre, avisó a la policía a neighbour, who shall remain nameless, told the police;
    a nombre de [carta, sobre, paquete] addressed to;
    [cheque] made out to; [cuenta bancaria] in the name of; [propiedades] belonging to;
    el apartamento está a su nombre the Br flat o US apartment is in his name;
    quiero abrir una cuenta a nombre de mi hijo I'd like to open an account for my son;
    se le conoce con el nombre de laparoscopia it is known as a laparoscopy;
    de nombre Juan called Juan;
    en nombre de [representando a] on behalf of;
    en (el) nombre de Dios/de la democracia in the name of God/democracy;
    en el nombre del Padre… [al rezar] in the name of the Father…;
    llamar a alguien por el nombre to call sb by his/her first name;
    lleva o [m5]tiene por nombre… it is known as…, it is called…;
    ¿qué nombre le vas a poner al perro? what are you going to call the dog?;
    le pusieron el nombre de su abuelo they named him Br after o US for his grandfather;
    santificado sea tu nombre [en padrenuestro] hallowed be thy name;
    Hum
    esto de jardín sólo tiene el nombre you call this a garden?;
    como su propio nombre indica… as its name indicates o suggests…;
    llamar a las cosas por su nombre to call a spade a spade;
    no tener nombre [ser indignante] to be outrageous
    nombre y apellidos full name;
    nombre artístico stage name;
    Am nombre de batalla nom de guerre;
    nombre científico [de planta, animal] scientific name;
    nombre comercial trade name;
    nombre completo full name;
    nombre compuesto = two-part Christian name;
    nombre común [de planta, animal] common name;
    Informát nombre de dominio domain name;
    nombre de guerra nom de guerre;
    nombre de lugar place name;
    nombre de pila first o Christian name;
    nombre de soltera maiden name;
    Informát nombre de usuario user name
    2. [fama] name, reputation;
    hacerse un nombre (como) to make a name for oneself (as);
    manchar el buen nombre de alguien/algo to tarnish sb's/sth's good name;
    tener buen/mal nombre to have a good/bad name;
    tener mucho nombre to be renowned o famous
    3. Gram noun
    nombre abstracto abstract noun;
    nombre colectivo collective noun;
    nombre común common noun;
    nombre propio proper noun
    * * *
    m
    1 name;
    un barco de nombre desconocido a boat whose name is not known, an unknown boat;
    un caballo de nombre Arquero a horse by the name of Arquero, a horse called Arquero;
    es abogado sólo de nombre he is a lawyer in name only;
    de nombre amenazador with a threatening sounding name;
    llamar las cosas por su nombre call a spade a spade;
    no tener nombre fig be inexcusable
    2 GRAM noun
    * * *
    nombre nm
    1) : name
    nombre de pluma: pseudonym, pen name
    en nombre: on behalf of
    sin nombre: nameless
    2) : noun
    nombre propio: proper noun
    3) : fame, renown
    * * *
    1. (en general) name
    2. (sustantivo) noun
    "gato" es un nombre "cat" is a noun
    nombre de pila first name / Christian name

    Spanish-English dictionary > nombre

  • 19 conjunto

    adj.
    united, conjunct, conjoint.
    m.
    1 set, ensemble, kit, suit.
    2 group, aggregate, combo.
    3 musical group, group.
    4 suit of clothes.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: conjuntar.
    * * *
    1 (compartido) joint
    2 (combinado) combined
    1 (grupo) group, collection
    2 (todo) whole
    3 (prenda) outfit, ensemble; (jersey y chaqueta) twinset
    4 MÚSICA (clásico) ensemble; (pop) band, group
    6 DEPORTE team
    \
    de conjunto overall
    en conjunto altogether, on the whole
    en su conjunto as a whole
    base conjunta joint base
    conjunto residencial housing estate
    conjunto urbanístico housing estate
    ————————
    1 (grupo) group, collection
    2 (todo) whole
    3 (prenda) outfit, ensemble; (jersey y chaqueta) twinset
    4 MÚSICA (clásico) ensemble; (pop) band, group
    6 DEPORTE team
    * * *
    1. noun m.
    3) set
    •
    2. (f. - conjunta)
    adj.
    * * *
    1.
    ADJ joint, combined

    operaciones conjuntas — (Mil) combined operations

    2. SM
    1) (=totalidad) whole

    en conjunto — as a whole, altogether

    conjunto monumental — collection of historic buildings

    2) (=ropa) ensemble
    3) (Mús) [de cámara] ensemble; [pop] group
    4) (Teat) chorus
    5) (Dep) (=equipo) team
    6) [de muebles] suite
    7) (Mat, Inform) set
    8) (Mec) unit, assembly
    * * *
    I
    - ta adjetivo joint
    II
    1) (de objetos, obras) collection; ( de personas) group

    el conjunto de los magistrados ha decidido que... — magistrates as a body o group have decided that...

    en su conjunto — (referido a - obra, exposición) as a whole; (- comité, partido) as a group

    2) (Mús) tb
    3) (Indum) ( de un pulóver y una chaqueta) twinset; ( de prendas en general) outfit
    4) (Mat) set
    5) ( totalidad)

    visto en conjunto or en su conjunto — overall o as a whole

    * * *
    I
    - ta adjetivo joint
    II
    1) (de objetos, obras) collection; ( de personas) group

    el conjunto de los magistrados ha decidido que... — magistrates as a body o group have decided that...

    en su conjunto — (referido a - obra, exposición) as a whole; (- comité, partido) as a group

    2) (Mús) tb
    3) (Indum) ( de un pulóver y una chaqueta) twinset; ( de prendas en general) outfit
    4) (Mat) set
    5) ( totalidad)

    visto en conjunto or en su conjunto — overall o as a whole

    * * *
    conjunto1
    1 = aggregate, aggregation, body, set, cache, ensemble.

    Ex: The result of this is to provide a distinct class number for an aggregate of subjects which are adjacent in the UDC schedule order.

    Ex: We should realize that a library is not simply an aggregation of discrete recorded materials; rather, it represents a collection, or more precisely collection of works.
    Ex: The main body of criticism centred upon the treatment of nonbook materials.
    Ex: SELECT retrieves records containing the search term or terms you specify and stores them in sets.
    Ex: It is known that there were books made from bamboo and wood during the Shang dynasty (1766-1122 BC) but none remain today except caches of oracle bones.
    Ex: DIANE is the name that has been given to the ensemble of available information services.
    * conjunto aleatorio de lógica difusa = random fuzzy set.
    * conjunto de conocimientos = body of knowledge.
    * conjunto de cosas afines, el = whole schmier, the.
    * conjunto de datos = data set [dataset].
    * conjunto de intereses = set of interests.
    * conjunto de lógica difusa = fuzzy set.
    * conjunto de modelos = model base.
    * conjunto de música = musical band.
    * conjunto de programas = workbench.
    * conjunto de valores = set of values.
    * conjunto difuso = rough set.
    * conjunto documental multimedia = kit, multimedia item.
    * conjunto hecho por el propio usuario = custom set.
    * conjunto impreciso = imprecise set.
    * conjunto integrado de protocolos = a suite of + protocols.
    * conjunto musical = musical band.
    * conjunto residencial = estate.
    * conjuntos de lógica difusa = fuzzy clustering.
    * teoría de conjuntos = set theory.
    * teoría de conjuntos difusos = fuzzy set theory.
    * un conjunto cada vez mayor de = a growing body of.
    * un conjunto de = a set of, a suite of, a pool of, an assembly of, a pattern of, a universe of, a harvest of, a complement of.

    conjunto2
    2 = collaborative, joint, pooled, combined.

    Ex: This is a truly collaborative effort involving the Council on Library Resources (CLR) as the management and funding agency and 12 participants from the research library community.

    Ex: Library schools must build bridges such as joint programmes and joint professorships that link them with their parent academic institution.
    Ex: A group of 64 libraries realised substantial cost reductions by joining in a pooled fund to self-insure for unemployment compensation.
    Ex: The joint code was the result of the combined efforts of the Library Association (UK) and the American Library Association.
    * autoría conjunta = collaborative writing.
    * código conjunto = joint code.
    * coeficiente de referencia conjunta = cocitation strength.
    * de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.
    * de manera conjunta con = in partnership with.
    * de modo conjunto con = in partnership with.
    * diseñado en conjunto = co-designed.
    * en conjunto = altogether, on balance, bulk, all in all, overall, overall.
    * en su conjunto = overall, together, collective, put together.
    * formar en su conjunto = weave + to form.
    * funcionamiento conjunto = interworking.
    * gráfica de referencias conjuntas = cocitation graph.
    * ofrecer una visión de conjunto = provide + a picture, provide + overview.
    * presentación conjunta = packaging.
    * publicidad conjunta = joint publicity.
    * todo en su conjunto = whole affair, the.
    * trabajo conjunto = interworking.
    * umbral de referencia conjunta = cocitation threshold.
    * ver las cosas en su conjunto = see + things as a whole.
    * visión de conjunto = overview, sweep.

    * * *
    conjunto1 -ta
    joint ( before n)
    A (de objetos, obras) collection; (de personas) group
    el conjunto de los magistrados ha decidido que … magistrates as a body o group have decided that …
    Compuestos:
    historical monuments (pl)
    residential complex o development
    B ( Mús) tb
    (de prendas en general): llevaba un conjunto de chaqueta y pantalón he was wearing matching jacket and trousers
    esa nueva blusa te hace conjunto con la falda roja that new blouse goes well with your red skirt
    un conjunto de playa/tenis a beach/tennis outfit
    D ( Mat) set
    E
    (totalidad): visto en conjunto or en su conjunto, es un buen trabajo overall o as a whole, it is a good piece of work
    debemos hacernos una visión de conjunto del problema we must get an overview of the problem, we must look at the problem as a whole
    * * *

     

    Del verbo conjuntar: ( conjugate conjuntar)

    conjunto es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    conjuntó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    conjuntar    
    conjunto
    conjunto 1
    ◊ -ta adjetivo ‹esfuerzo/acción› joint before n

    conjunto 2 sustantivo masculino
    a) (de objetos, obras) collection;

    ( de personas) group;
    ◊ en su conjunto ( referido a — obra, exposición) as a whole;


    (— comité, partido) as a group;

    b) (Mús) tb



    ( de música popular) pop group

    ( de prendas en general) outfit;

    hacer conjunto con algo to go well with sth
    d) (Mat) set

    conjunto,-a
    I sustantivo masculino
    1 (grupo) group, set
    2 (totalidad de algo) whole
    3 Mús (grupo de música) group, band
    4 Indum ensemble
    5 Mat set
    6 Dep team
    II adjetivo joint
    ♦ Locuciones: en conjunto, on the whole
    ' conjunto' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abogacía
    - acompañamiento
    - alimentación
    - bagaje
    - banca
    - comedor
    - comedora
    - comparsa
    - compra
    - concejo
    - conducción
    - conjunta
    - contingente
    - credo
    - defensa
    - derecha
    - derecho
    - dirección
    - discurso
    - entre
    - equipo
    - escribanía
    - estatuto
    - firma
    - fondo
    - galería
    - ganadería
    - ganado
    - gestión
    - global
    - guardarropa
    - juego
    - paquete
    - par
    - pensamiento
    - plan
    - reglamentación
    - sala
    - servicio
    - sillería
    - tendedero
    - toponimia
    - tramitación
    - tresillo
    - tubería
    - vecindario
    - vestuario
    - administración
    - archivo
    - cada
    English:
    aggregate
    - altogether
    - blend
    - body
    - by
    - concerted
    - ensemble
    - estate
    - ethic
    - for
    - group
    - joint
    - law
    - lighting
    - outfit
    - overall
    - package
    - project
    - set
    - two-piece
    - well-matched
    - whole
    - band
    - bar
    - battery
    - combined
    - comprehensive
    - cooperative
    - lie
    - out
    * * *
    conjunto, -a
    ♦ adj
    [acción, esfuerzo] joint;
    cuenta conjunta joint account
    ♦ nm
    1. [agrupación] collection, group;
    un conjunto de circunstancias a number of factors;
    un conjunto de maletas a set of suitcases;
    se enfrenta el conjunto local contra el líder the local team is playing the leaders
    2. [de ciudad] conjunto histórico-artístico:
    la ciudad de Cartagena es un conjunto histórico-artístico de gran interés the historical and artistic attributes of Cartagena combine to form a highly interesting whole;
    conjunto monumental historical buildings and monuments;
    conjunto urbanístico: [m5] un conjunto urbanístico muy heterógeno a cityscape of great variety
    3. [de ropa] outfit;
    llevaba un conjunto de camisa y pantalón she was wearing matching shirt and trousers;
    un conjunto primaveral a spring outfit
    4. [de música] group, band;
    un conjunto de jazz a jazz band;
    un conjunto de música clásica a classical music group
    5. [totalidad] whole;
    la media en el conjunto de Latinoamérica es de 5,4 in Latin America as a whole, the average is 5.4;
    la calidad, en conjunto, es buena, pero le falla algún detalle overall the quality is good, but it falls down on the occasional detail;
    los socios, en su conjunto, están en contra de la venta the whole membership is against the sale
    6. Mat set
    conjunto vacío empty set
    * * *
    I adj joint
    II m
    1 de personas, objetos collection;
    en conjunto as a whole
    2 de prendas outfit
    3 MAT set
    * * *
    conjunto, -ta adj
    : joint
    1) : collection, group
    2) : ensemble, outfit
    conjunto musical: musical ensemble
    3) : whole, entirety
    en conjunto: as a whole, altogether
    * * *
    conjunto1 adj joint
    1. (grupo) group
    2. (ropa) outfit

    Spanish-English dictionary > conjunto

  • 20 TLC

    m.
    NAFTA, North American Free Trade Agreement.
    * * *
    SM ABR
    = Tratado de Libre Comercio NAFTA
    * * *
    ( Com) (= Tratado de Libre Comercio) FTA
    * * *
    [en general] free trade agreement; [NAFTA] NAFTA
    TLC
    The best known TLC (“Tratado de Libre Comercio” or “Free Trade Agreement”) in the Western hemisphere is the NAFTA agreement – also known as the TLCAN (“Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte”) in Spanish – between the USA, Mexico and Canada, which came into force in January 1994. However, the number of such agreements is growing. For example, Mexico has separate agreements with the EU, Nicaragua, Chile and Israel, among others, while Chile in turn also has agreements with the EU, Korea and with the USA. There are also other regional economic organizations such as CAN (“Comunidad Andina de Naciones” or “Andean Community”) and Mercosur (“Mercado Común del Sur” or “Southern Common Market”). The economic and social effects of such agreements are likely to remain controversial, and it is not clear how they would relate to the “Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas” or ALCA (“Free Trade Area of the Americas” or FTAA), which has been proposed by the United States. This US-backed initiative would eventually lead to the economic integration of the entire hemisphere, but although negotiations have been going on for several years, ALCA has yet to be established, partly because of disagreements between countries about how to proceed, and partly because of popular opposition within countries.
    * * *
    m abr (= Tratado de Libre Comercio) NAFTA (= North American Free Trade Agreement)

    Spanish-English dictionary > TLC

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